Laboratory Manual Chemistry in Context
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073518121
Author: American Chemical Society
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 45Q
Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to explain why chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are so stable. Also explain why it takes less energy to release Cl atoms from CFCs than it does to release F atoms and connect this to HFCs as replacements for CFCs.
*In CO2
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Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS
Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy
AS.
Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option.
reaction
observations
conclusions
A
This reaction is always spontaneous, but
proceeds slower at temperatures above
120. °C.
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
B
This reaction is spontaneous except above
117. °C.
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
This reaction is slower below 20. °C than
C
above.
AS is
|(pick one)
?
18
Ar
1
Calculating the pH at equivalence of a titration
Try Again
Your answer is incorrect.
0/5
a
A chemist titrates 70.0 mL of a 0.7089 M hydrocyanic acid (HCN) solution with 0.4574M KOH solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pK of
hydrocyanic acid is 9.21.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of KOH solution added.
pH
=
11.43]
G
00.
18
Ar
B•
Biological Macromolecules
Naming and drawing the products of aldose oxidation and reduction
aw a Fischer projection of the molecule that would produce L-ribonic acid if it were subjected to mildly oxidizing reaction conditions.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
X
AP
‡
1/5
Naor
Explanation
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Laboratory Manual Chemistry in Context
Ch. 4.1 - Although power plants require several steps to...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3YTCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.5CTCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7CTCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.9YTCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10CTCh. 4.4 - The combustion of one gram of natural gas releases...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12CTCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.14SCCh. 4.5 - Scientific Practices Coal Versus Ethanol On the...
Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.17YTCh. 4.7 - Beginning in the 1920s, the octane-booster...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 4.21CTCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.22CTCh. 4.11 - Have you ever been served cherries Jubilee or...Ch. 4.11 - Prob. 4.26CTCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1CTCh. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Energy exists in different forms in our natural...Ch. 4 - A coal-burning power plant generates electrical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Mercury (Hg) is present in trace amounts in coal,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10QCh. 4 - Here are the condensed structural formulas for two...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12QCh. 4 - Prob. 13QCh. 4 - Prob. 14QCh. 4 - During petroleum distillation, kerosene and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16QCh. 4 - a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18QCh. 4 - Prob. 19QCh. 4 - State whether these processes are endothermic or...Ch. 4 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to calculate...Ch. 4 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to calculate...Ch. 4 - Ethanol can be produced by fermentation. Another...Ch. 4 - Here are structural formulas for ethane, ethene...Ch. 4 - These three compounds all have the same chemical...Ch. 4 - Catalysts speed up cracking reactions in oil...Ch. 4 - Explain why cracking is a necessary part of the...Ch. 4 - Consider this equation representing the process of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29QCh. 4 - Consider these three alcohols: methanol, ethanol,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31QCh. 4 - Prob. 32QCh. 4 - Prob. 33QCh. 4 - Compare and contrast a molecule of biodiesel with...Ch. 4 - Use Figure 5.6 to compare the energy released for...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36QCh. 4 - The sustainability of burning coal (and other...Ch. 4 - In this chapter, we approximated the chemical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 39QCh. 4 - Compare the processes of combustion and...Ch. 4 - How might you explain the difference between...Ch. 4 - Write a response to this statement: Because of the...Ch. 4 - The concept of entropy and probability is used in...Ch. 4 - Bond energies such as those in Table 5.1 are...Ch. 4 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to explain why...Ch. 4 - Prob. 46QCh. 4 - Prob. 47QCh. 4 - Prob. 48QCh. 4 - Prob. 49QCh. 4 - Prob. 50QCh. 4 - Prob. 51QCh. 4 - Prob. 52QCh. 4 - Prob. 53QCh. 4 - Use a diagram to show the relationship among these...Ch. 4 - On a timescale of a few years, the combustion of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 56QCh. 4 - Emissions of some pollutants are lower when...Ch. 4 - Although coal contains only trace amounts of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 59QCh. 4 - An article in Scientific American pointed out that...Ch. 4 - C. P. Snow, a noted scientist and author, wrote an...Ch. 4 - Chemical explosions are very exothermic reactions....Ch. 4 - Prob. 64QCh. 4 - Tetraethyllead (TEL) was first approved for use in...Ch. 4 - Tetraethyllead (TEL) has an octane rating of 270....Ch. 4 - Another type of catalyst used in the combustion of...Ch. 4 - Figure 5.8 shows energy differences for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69Q
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