Chapter 44, Problem 2SYK

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two-solute models that enable the production of hyperosmotic urine.

Introduction: The hyperosmotic urine is the urine that contains more amount of solutes and less amount of water in it. The kidney can produce a maximal urine concentration of about 1200 to 1400 mOsm/L. When there is deficient of water in the bod the hypothalamus releases the anti-diuretic hormone which increases the expression of aquaporin in the renal lumen that results in the absorption of water from the filtrate that results in the formation of hyperosmotic urine.