Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.4, Problem 12CC
Name five ways in which cells regulate the movement of substrates through
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Which out of the following statements is true about the regulation of metabolic pathway?
a) Most of the metabolic pathways are regulated
b) Most of the metabolic pathways are not regulated
c) Regulation of metabolic pathways always involves changing the amount of enzymes
d) Metabolic regulation always depends on control by hormones
Discuss several ways in which metabolic pathways are controlled or regulated.
What are metabolic pathways catalyzed by? What are metabolic pathways determined by?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Which biomolecules always include nitrogen in...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.1 - What is the difference between potential energy...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 4.4 - Name five ways in which cells regulate the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 13CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 14CCCh. 4.4 - Match each component on the left to the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 16CCCh. 4.4 - How is the separation of mitochondria into two...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 4.4 - What does the name RNA polymerase tell you about...Ch. 4.4 - Explain in one or two sentences the relationship...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 23CCCh. 4.4 - List three general types of posttranslational...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 4 - List the three basic forms of work and give a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Match each definition in the left column with the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Organic molecules that must be present in order...Ch. 4 - In an oxidation-reduction reaction, in which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Metabolic regulation in which the last product of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - Create maps using the following terms.Ch. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - Prob. 19RQCh. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - Prob. 21RQCh. 4 - Briefly describe the processes of transcription...Ch. 4 - On what molecule does the anticodon appear?...Ch. 4 - Is the energy of ATPs phosphate bond an example of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RQCh. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - Prob. 27RQCh. 4 - Prob. 28RQ
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- Describe the role that compartmentation plays in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Provide several examples.arrow_forwardExplain the role that compartmentation plays in theregulation of metabolic pathways. Provide severalexamples.arrow_forwardDiscuss the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation by describing the following five mechanisms.11.1Cascade systems11.2 Futile cycle11.3Cellular compartmentalization 11.4 Covalent modification11.5 Zymogensarrow_forward
- There are many metabolic pathways in a biological system, and it is critical to regulate these pathways so that only particular pathways are active at a single time. Which enzyme would be in the regulation point in the hypothetical pathway shown below. A¹B 2C 3 D4E A) A → B B) B-C C) C-D D) D→ E E) The regulation point is highly dependent upon the metabolic pathway.arrow_forward1. Shown below is a metabolic pathway: Es E E4 E1 E2 A - B - C - D E3 E6 Q- R – S E7 Es Suppose we have too much of "S" in the cell, please answer the following questions, with regards to feedback inhibition: a) Which enzyme is most likely to be regulated? b) Which substance will act as the 'regulator'? c) Name the "site" where this 'regulator' will bind to the enzyme: d) Is this substance (from #b), a homotropic or heterotropic modulator?arrow_forwardQ: Select the features of the structure and functioning of allosteric enzymes: a) are metabolic pathway limiting enzymes b) when interacting with ligands do not show a cooperative effect c) are monomeric proteins d) have spatially separated active and regulatory centers e) do not exhibit regulatory properties during dissociation of the molecule into protomersarrow_forward
- Would you describe metabolic pathways as inherently wasteful or inherently economical, and why?arrow_forward3) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many other cell types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: S b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as the perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzym called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation:arrow_forwardMetabolic pathways can function efficiently without external control, and will not overproduce unnecessary product molecules because: a) Large pH shifts speed up reactions b) Cells release lots of heat to accelerate product formation c) End products of a pathway cause early enzymes to change shape and inactivate d) Active sites become saturated as product concentration risesarrow_forward
- 1) Define the following terms: Aerobic: Anaerobic: Obligate: Facultative: 2) Briefly explain why oxidation-reduction reactions are important in metabolism.arrow_forwardDiscuss the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation by describing the following mechanisms.11.1Cellular compartmentalization 11.2 Covalent modification11.3 Zymogensarrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical metabolic pathway involving four enzymes to convert molecule A into molecule E: Enz, E Enz 1 Enz 2 Enz 3 A 1) A O2) B Which molecule is most likely to be a feedback inhibitor that, when present in high concentrations, will reduce the flow of material through the pathway? 3) C 04) D B 05) E C D 6) none of these The activity of an allosteric enzyme will be greatest when 1) the pH is optimal for the enzyme. 2) most of the enzyme molecules are in the R conformation. 3) most of the enzyme molecules are in the T conformation. 4) there are equal numbers of enzyme molecules in the R and T conformations. puiss What will be the effect on the structure of an allosteric enzyme if a negative allosteric effector is added to a solution of the enzyme? 1) There will be a shift in the equilibrium between the R and T forms; the amount of T will increase. 2) There will be a shift in the equilibrium between the R and T forms; the amount of R will increase. 3) The enzyme will be…arrow_forward
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