Concept explainers
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7. The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.
The pH of a solution is given by
where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter. Use the formula to solve Exercises 119-120, Express answers as powers of 10.
a. Normal, unpolluted rain has a pH of about 5.6. What is the hydrogen ion concentration?
b. An environmental concern involves the destructive effects of acid rain. The most acidic rainfall ever had a pH of 2.4. What was the hydrogen ion concentration?
c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic rainfall in part (b) than the normal rainfall in part (a)?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Algebra and Trigonometry (6th Edition)
- Air pollutants frequently cause acid rain. A measure of the acidity is pH, which ranges between 1 and 14. Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7. Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7, whereas alka- line solutions have a pH greater than 7. A pH value can be computed by pH = −logx, where x repre- sents the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter. In rural areas of Europe, rainwater typically −4.7has x = 10 . ( Source: G. Howells, Acid Rain and Acid Water.) (a) Find its pH. (b) Seawater has a pH of 8.2. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration in rainwater from rural Europe than in seawater?arrow_forwardA car is initially located 40 km North of a truck. The car then begins to travel North at 20 km/h, while at the same time, the truck travels due West at 30 km/h. After travelling for 2 hours , the distance between the two vehicles is 11. A. decreasing at 26 km/h B. increasing at 26 km/h C. decreasing at 34 km/h D. increasing at 34 km/harrow_forwardThe intrest on an investment varies directly as the rate of intrest. If the intrest is $53 when thw inntrest rate is 5%, find the intrest when the rate is 3.8%. The intrest when the rate of intrest is at 3.8% is $_____.arrow_forward
- ASAParrow_forwardA normal blood sugar range for someone without diabetes, 2 hours after eating, is less than 140 mg/dl. James is concerned about his health and measures and records his blood sugar 4 times a day for a week. The results are in the boxplot above. What is the minimum blood sugar reading James measured?mg/dl What is the maximum blood sugar reading James measured?mg/dl Twenty-five percent of James' blood sugar readings fall below what value?mg/dl Seventy-five percent of James' blood sugar readings fall below what value?mg/dl What percent of James' blood sugar readings are between 86 and 118?arrow_forwardPLEASE SHOW COMPLETE SOLUTION WITHIN 30 MINUTESarrow_forward
- Kindly do in steps.arrow_forwardR3.40. Fuel efficiency Wayne Collier designed an experiment to measure the fuel efficiency of his family car under different tire pressures. For each run, he set the tire pressure to either 28 or 32 psi and then measured the miles driven on a high- way (I-95 between Mills River and Pisgah Forest, NC) until he ran out of fuel using 2-liters of fuel each time. He also used two different types of gasoline (regular and premium). To run the experiment he made some alterations to the normal flow of gasoline to the engine. In Wayne's words, "I inserted a T-junction into the fuel line just before the fuel filter, and a line into the passenger compartment of my car, where it joined with graduated 2 liter Rubbermaid bottle that I mounted in a box where the passenger seat is normally fastened. Then I sealed off the fuel-return line, which under normal operation sends excess fuel from the fuel pump back to the fuel tank." a) Identify the factors and the levels in the experiment. b) How many times…arrow_forward(SUB-PART C ONLY PLEASE) Each row represents an experimental “run” (in this case, averaged sample of mango wine). Column A shows the run number; Column B shows the percentage of ethanol; Column C shows the amount of glycerol (in g/L); Column D shows the amount of acid (in g/L); Column E shows the temperature of the run (in °C); and Column F shows the pH of the run. Y represents Ethanol of mango wine. 1. Create a scatterplot of the ethanol data for all 20 runs (CREATED) a. Draw a graphical representation of the model that you chose to use. (CREATED WITHIN SCATTERPLOT) b. Comparing the model to your data, evaluate its fit in one or two sentences. (LINEAR MODEL; The conditions to say that the model is a good fit are as given below: To say that the model is the good fit, the coefficient of determination should be high. Atleast one the predictor variables should be statistically significant in predicting the response variable. ) c. Replace the generic Yi = β0 + ε with the information you…arrow_forward
- You decide to collect a bunch of cans of soda and measure the volume of soda in each can. Let X= the number of mL of soda in each can. What type of variable is X?arrow_forwardPlease tell this And in q1 please also provide the tablearrow_forwardOn our trip, diesel fuel cost averaged €1.80/l. The currency conversion rate in April 2012 was $1.293/€. What is today’s dollar to Euro conversion rate? ______________ How much did I pay in dollars per gallon on my triparrow_forward
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALFunctions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning