BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 43, Problem 1S
Summary Introduction
To determine:
How does the body sense the change, when pH falls too low, how does the breathing rate change, and how does this increase pH.
Introduction:
The sensory receptors detect the external and internal stimuli, and in response to the stimuli send impulses to the brain. The sensory receptors, which are responsible for determining the pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, are chemoreceptors.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Autism is a condition that is generally characterized by difficulties in communicating, understanding abstract concepts, and forming relationships with other people. Recent studies show that children with autism tend to have low levels of oxytocin. Oxytocin nasal spray has been tried as a medical intervention.
List two main functions of oxytocin in the body.
Blood pH and cerebrospinal fluid pH are affected by carbon dioxide content. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance
in gas levels as
O the medulla oblongata monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing
O the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide
the lungs sense changes in oxygen concentration, which causes the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing
the medulla oblongata directly monitors blood oxygen levels and causes breathing changes accordingly
O the brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly
Some patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) are given beta-blocking drugs to lower their blood pressure. How does this effect occur? Explain why these drugs are not administered to patientswith a history of asthma. Why might drinking coffee help asthma?
Chapter 43 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Describe how gated ion channels work.Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.2 - Describe the function of these receptors.Ch. 43.2 - Describe the relationship between thermoreceptors...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43 - Prob. 1DACh. 43 - Prob. 1IQCh. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Which of these is NOT a method by which sensory...Ch. 43 - Which of the following correctly lists the steps...Ch. 43 - All sensory receptors are able to initiate nerve...Ch. 43 - In the fairy tale, Sleeping Beauty fell asleep...Ch. 43 - The ear detects sound by the movement of a. the...Ch. 43 - Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus of...Ch. 43 - ________ is the photopigment contained within both...Ch. 43 - Which of the following is NOT a method used by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9UCh. 43 - Prob. 10UCh. 43 - What do the sensory systems of annelids, mollusks,...Ch. 43 - Animals can more easily tell the direction of a...Ch. 43 - Some birds have broader color perception than...Ch. 43 - The ability of some insects, birds, and lizards to...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1SCh. 43 - The function of the vertebrate eye is unusual...Ch. 43 - How would the otolith organs of an astronaut...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4S
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Asthma rescue inhalers are used when a person is having an asthma attack. The active ingredient is called a sympathomimetic, a substance that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. How would this help a person who is experiencing problems with breathing due to asthma? They bind to alpha receptors on blood vessels in the lungs. They bind to muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle.. The drug binds to beta 2 receptors on respiratory bronchiole smooth muscle. They bind to nicotinic receptors on airways in the lungs.arrow_forwardWhen a patient has a severe allergic reaction, a common prescribed drug is epinephrine. Which of the follow best explains the effects of epinephrine on a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction? A epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor. Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. B Epinephrine binds to the beta-2 receptor. Activating the beta-2 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath easier by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. C Epinephrine binds to the alpha-1 receptor. Activating the alpha-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. D Epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor. Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and…arrow_forwardDescribe the stimulating effects of CO2 on the receptors in terms of the immediate response to increased CO2 in the blood. What happens when this goes on for 1 or 2 days?arrow_forward
- After driving from sea level to a trailhead in the High Sierras, you get out of your car and feel dizzy. What do you suppose is causing your dizziness? How is this beneficial and how is it detrimental?What may eventually happen to help to reduce the cause of the dizziness?arrow_forwardThe following questions apply to this information:A man licks a newt after being dared to do so by his boyfriend. Almost immediately, the man noticed that his lips and tongue felt numb. Within a few minutes, the man began to show a lack of coordination and skeletal muscle control. Within several more minutes, the man experienced difficulty breathing and symptoms of cardiac arrest. Eventually, the man dies. The newt's skin has tetrodotoxin in it. Tetrodotoxin is produced by rough-skinned newts as a form of defense against predation. Tetrodotoxin specifically blocks the sodium pore in voltage-gated sodium channels. It does not affect the gates of a voltage-gated sodium channel. The toxin has no other effects.We will use one bipolar neuron to answer the following questions. This neuron has a resting membrane potential of -65mV. 1) true/false While under the effect of tetrodotoxin, the man's neurons would be able to reach threshold potential at their initial segments. 2) true/false The…arrow_forwardOrder the following in the correct sequence that reflexes are trasmitted through the nervous system: brain stem integrates this and other information low pH detected by chemoreceptors affarent neuron sends signals to brain stem efferent neuron travels to the lungs breathing rate is increasedarrow_forward
- Some people habitually use barbiturates to depress feelings of anxiety.Barbiturates cause hypoventilation, a slower-than-normal rate of breathing, because they suppress the respiratory centers in the brain. What happens to the red blood count of a habitual user of barbiturates? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about the afferent components of the respiratory control system is INCORRECT? Select one: a. In order to stimulate hyperventilation the sympathetic nervous system tricks the carotid body by constricting the capillaries that serve glomus cells; reduced blood flow to the cell causes localised hypoxia triggering a compensatory hyperventilation response even before systemic hypoxia is apparent. b. In type 1 glomus cells of the carotid bodies, hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis trigger afferent signalling by inhibiting K+ channels, depolarising the cell membrane, and opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that trigger the release of neurotransmitters onto afferent glossopharyngeal nerve fibres. c. Chemoreceptor cells can be found in the carotid body. d. The glossopharyngeal nerve transmits afferent impulses from the carotid body to the ventral respiratory group of neurons.arrow_forwardWhat does the body do to bring CO back up if it drops too low? Give examples of immediate, short-term, and long-term responses. Skin that is pale, bluish, or ashen, a fast heart rate, cold, clammy hands and feet, feeling lightheaded, and/or losing consciousness are all signs of shock. Connect these symptoms to the body's compensation.arrow_forward
- We noted in Chapter 10 that dogs are believed to benefit when they pant by breathing at a fixed resonant frequency. Although dogs inhale and exhale exclusively through the nose when not under heat stress, they exhale orally to some (variable) extent when panting. Air exhaled by way of the mouth remains nearly at deep-body temperature. Explain how a panting dog could vary its rate of evaporative cooling—even while breathing at a fixed frequency—by modulating how much it exhales by way of its nose or mouth.arrow_forwardPatients who have experienced significant blood loss by hemorrhage(30–40% of total blood volume) often feel intensely thirsty. Whichmechanism has been activated in these patients?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the role of the respiratory system in the acid-base status of the body is NOT TRUE? A. Non-volatile acids are excreted by ventilation B. Volatile acids are excreted by ventilation. OC. Hyperventilation can result in a respiratory alkalosis. D. Hypoventilation can result in a respiratory acidosis OE. Ventilation adjusts the PCO2-bicarbonate buffer system.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning