CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135191811
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42.2, Problem 4CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus that necessary for Calvin cycle to function photosynthesis, often limit the primary production in an ecosystem.
Introduction:
Primary production provides the origin of energy in an ecosystem, it is the chemical energy generated by fixation of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Primary production is the source of energy for the entire organism from bacteria to humans. Photosynthesis involve the Calvin cycle that makes sugar from carbon.
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Plants have evolved by developing mechanisms that promote entry of CO, into the Calvin Cycle (CC) to limit
photorespiration when environmental conditions tend to favor the latter. This is because photorespiration 1) is
energetically inefficient (consuming more ATP than the CC alone) and 2) it does not produce any sugars that
can be "fed" into cellular respiration to produce lots more ATP.
A) Under what environmental conditions does photorespiration "outcompete" that of the CC? Specifically, what
mechanism is responsible for committing the cell to photorespiration and what type of plant does not have any
"safeguards" to ensure that the CC is performed rather than photorespiration?
B) Describe the mechanisms employed by two types of plants to minimize photorespiration and ensure that the
CC is carried out even when environmental conditions are not in their favor. Be sure to identify 1) the type of
plant, 2) its natural environment and how it affects the plant's ability to perform the CC,…
Need help with the question below ?
Outline the nature and source of all needed inputs of photosynthesis on land and in water ?
Chapter 42 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
Ch. 42.1 - Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem...Ch. 42.1 - WHAT IF? You are studying nitrogen cycling on the...Ch. 42.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Use the second law of...Ch. 42.2 - Why is only a small portion of the solar energy...Ch. 42.2 - How can ecologists experimentally determine the...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.3 - If an insect that eats plant seeds containing 100...Ch. 42.3 - WHAT IF? Detritivores are consumers that obtain...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.5 - How do bioremediation and biological augmentation...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 42 - Which of the following has the greatest effect on...Ch. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 42 - INTERPRET THE DATA Draw a simplified global water...Ch. 42 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Using two neighboring ponds in...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Decomposition typically...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Pls help ASAParrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardDraw a diagram of the dark phase of photosynthesis. You must represent this phase in the form of a cycle indicating the parts of carboxylation, reduction, generation of hexoses and regeneration. Ribulose, CO2, rubisco, phosphoglycerate (PGA), bisphosphoglycerate, phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL), ATP, ADP, NADPH, NADP, kinase, fructose, and glucose should appear.arrow_forward
- Discuss the Calvin cycle and related cycles of photophosphorylationarrow_forwardIn an experiment conducted on photosynthesis-CO2 update and photosynthesis-Determining rate in white light. what gas will be produce as an product of photosynthesis and if present, what will this allow the leaf dice to do? Also, what will be the goal of photosynthesis, and how will it be different from the goal of cellular respiration?arrow_forwardPhotorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of O2, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. According to a regional scale model, photorespiration currently reduces US soybean and wheat yields by 36% and 20%, respectively, and a 5% reduction in photorespiration losses would be worth around $500 million yearly in the United States. Can you forecast the costs and good advantages of C4 photosynthesis? What factors increase the likelihood that the benefits will outweigh the expenses in hot, dry areas in the United States?arrow_forward
- Explain the production of ATP and NADPH during coupling photosystems I and II. PLEASE illustrate how these high energy molecules are central to CO2 fixation and reduction during photosystems.arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle, the "dark reaction" or Carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis, cannot occur at night in a living plant. Which of the following best describes why this is true? A) The stomata are incapable of opening at night, thus CO2 cannot enter the leaf B) The reactions of the Calvin cycle are dependent on light reactions for high-energy compounds C) Several enxymes necessary for Calvin cycle activity have been degraded during the day and must be replaced D) Light is required to transport the water necessary for the cycle E) Cooler temperatures at night slow enzyme activity and rates of substrate diffusionarrow_forwardDiscuss how photorespiration reduces photosynthetic efficiency.arrow_forward
- Name the major inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle.arrow_forwardWhat role does photosynthesis play in bigger cycles? Explain how photosynthesis fixes carbon and how it relates to the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles. How does the Calvin Cycle produce the CO2 fixation intermediates?arrow_forwardDespite CAM photosynthesis having a comparatively higher water use efficiency relative to C3 and C4 plants, its distribution is restricted primarily to desert succulents. In terms of water use efficiency, explain why CAM photosynthesis has not spread more widely.arrow_forward
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