Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780131495081
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Chapter 42, Problem 74GP
To determine
The heat of the combustion per kilogram of hydrogen fuel and compare it with the heat of combustion of coal.
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The energy released by each fission within the core of a nuclear reactor is 2.00×102 MeV. The number of fissions occurring each second is 2.10×1019,
Determine the power (in watts) that the reactor generates.
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Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy. (a) A high - energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C . (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f ) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. What is nucleus F? Note: If nucleus F is not 12C— that is, the nucleus you started with —…
Chapter 42 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1AECh. 42.3 - Prob. 1BECh. 42.4 - Return to the first Chapter-Opening Question, page...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 1DECh. 42.6 - Prob. 1EECh. 42 - Prob. 1QCh. 42 - Prob. 2QCh. 42 - Prob. 3QCh. 42 - Why are neutrons such good projectiles for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5Q
Ch. 42 - Prob. 6QCh. 42 - Prob. 7QCh. 42 - Prob. 8QCh. 42 - Prob. 9QCh. 42 - Prob. 10QCh. 42 - Prob. 11QCh. 42 - Why would a porous block of uranium be more likely...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13QCh. 42 - Prob. 14QCh. 42 - Prob. 15QCh. 42 - Prob. 16QCh. 42 - Prob. 17QCh. 42 - Prob. 18QCh. 42 - Prob. 19QCh. 42 - Prob. 20QCh. 42 - Prob. 21QCh. 42 - Prob. 22QCh. 42 - Prob. 23QCh. 42 - Prob. 24QCh. 42 - Prob. 25QCh. 42 - How might radioactive tracers be used to find a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1PCh. 42 - Prob. 2PCh. 42 - Prob. 3PCh. 42 - Prob. 4PCh. 42 - Prob. 5PCh. 42 - Prob. 6PCh. 42 - Prob. 7PCh. 42 - Prob. 8PCh. 42 - Prob. 9PCh. 42 - Prob. 10PCh. 42 - Prob. 11PCh. 42 - Prob. 12PCh. 42 - Prob. 13PCh. 42 - Prob. 14PCh. 42 - Prob. 15PCh. 42 - Prob. 16PCh. 42 - Prob. 17PCh. 42 - Prob. 18PCh. 42 - (I) What is the effective cross section for the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 20PCh. 42 - Prob. 21PCh. 42 - Prob. 22PCh. 42 - Prob. 23PCh. 42 - Prob. 24PCh. 42 - Prob. 25PCh. 42 - Prob. 26PCh. 42 - Prob. 27PCh. 42 - Prob. 28PCh. 42 - Prob. 29PCh. 42 - Prob. 30PCh. 42 - Prob. 31PCh. 42 - Prob. 32PCh. 42 - Prob. 33PCh. 42 - Prob. 34PCh. 42 - Prob. 35PCh. 42 - Prob. 36PCh. 42 - Prob. 37PCh. 42 - Prob. 38PCh. 42 - Prob. 39PCh. 42 - Prob. 40PCh. 42 - Prob. 41PCh. 42 - Prob. 42PCh. 42 - Prob. 43PCh. 42 - Prob. 44PCh. 42 - Prob. 45PCh. 42 - Prob. 46PCh. 42 - Prob. 47PCh. 42 - Prob. 48PCh. 42 - Prob. 49PCh. 42 - Prob. 50PCh. 42 - Prob. 51PCh. 42 - Prob. 52PCh. 42 - Prob. 53PCh. 42 - Prob. 54PCh. 42 - Prob. 55PCh. 42 - Prob. 56PCh. 42 - Prob. 57PCh. 42 - Prob. 58PCh. 42 - Prob. 59PCh. 42 - Prob. 60PCh. 42 - Prob. 61PCh. 42 - Prob. 62PCh. 42 - Prob. 63PCh. 42 - Prob. 64PCh. 42 - Prob. 65GPCh. 42 - Prob. 66GPCh. 42 - Prob. 67GPCh. 42 - Prob. 68GPCh. 42 - Prob. 69GPCh. 42 - Prob. 70GPCh. 42 - Prob. 71GPCh. 42 - Prob. 72GPCh. 42 - Prob. 73GPCh. 42 - Prob. 74GPCh. 42 - Prob. 75GPCh. 42 - Prob. 76GPCh. 42 - Prob. 77GPCh. 42 - Prob. 78GPCh. 42 - Prob. 79GPCh. 42 - Prob. 80GPCh. 42 - Prob. 81GPCh. 42 - Prob. 82GPCh. 42 - Prob. 83GPCh. 42 - Prob. 84GPCh. 42 - Prob. 85GPCh. 42 - Prob. 86GPCh. 42 - Prob. 87GPCh. 42 - Prob. 88GP
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- The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical. (a) What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts? (b) How many 235U nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV? (c) What mass of 235U is fissioned in one year of fullpower operation?arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 41026W. (a) If 90% of this is supplied by the protonproton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.arrow_forward(a) How many 239Pu nuclei must fission to produce a 20.0kT yield, assuming 200 MeV per fission? (b) What is the mass of this much 239Pu?arrow_forward
- Here are the answers for the attached question. (a) 17.5 MeV per fusion; (b) 1.69 x 106 MJ/mol of He; Can you please show me how you calulated the answers for the attached question? Thank you.arrow_forwardSelect below the correct answer for the following problem. A nuclear power station is rated at 900 MWe with an efficiency of 30%. If all of the nuclear material is consumed, calculate the mass of 235U required to power the reactor for five years. The energy released is 200 MeV for each atom of 235U fissioned. 1 gram-atom (235g) of 235U has 6-023 × 1023 atoms. 1eV is 1-6 x 10-19 J.arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 4 × 1026 W. Part (a) If 93 % of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second? Part (b) How many neutrinos per second should be incident on every square meter of the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.arrow_forward
- We want to get an idea of the actual mass of 235U involved in powering a nuclear power plant. Assume that a single fission event releases 200 MeV of thermal energy. A 1,000 MWe electric power plant has a thermal power of approximately 3,000 MWth. What rate of fission reactions is required to produce this power? (Note: 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J.) The reactor core consists of approximately 100 tonnes of UO2 (1 tonne = 1,000 kg), which is enriched in 235U to 4%. How many full-power years could the reactor operate if all of the 235U were to be fissioned? What factors prevent such complete depletion of the 235U from occurring? Under the 235U depletion scenario of part b, what mass of fission products and what mass of high-level wastes (HLW) would be produced?arrow_forwardHere are the answers for the attached question: (a) 2.78 x 10–11 J/fission; (b) 7.13 x 104 MJ/g of 235U; Can you please show me how you calculated the question in the attachment? I am getting different answers than the ones provided.arrow_forwardWhen U-232 undergoes alpha decay to Th-228, a mass lost is sustained. 1. Find the mass defect for this process in amu and kg. 2. The mass lost during the decay is converted to kinetic energy. Use Einstein equation to calculate the kinetic energy in joules and in Mega- electron volts (MeV). The exact mass of U-232 is 232.0372 amu. The exact mass of Th-228 is 228.0287 amu. The exact mass of He is 4.0026 amu. 1 amu= 1.6606 x 10-27 kg. 1 MeV = 1.602 x 10-13 J. 232 92 U -----> 228 90 Th + 4 2 He i have a attached a photo of the question.arrow_forward
- The unified atomic mass unit, denoted u, is defined to be 1 u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg. It can be used as an approximation for the average mass of a nucleon in a nucleus, taking the binding energy into account. How much energy, in megaelectron volts, would you obtain if you completely converted a nucleus of 19 nucleons into free energy?arrow_forwardMost of the energy released in the collapse of a massive star to a neutron star (a core collapse supernova) is in the form of neutrinos. If the just-formed neutron star has a mass M = 1.4M⊙ and a radius R = 10 km, estimate the mean nucleon density, in cm−3. Find the mean free path, in cm, of a neutrino inside the neutron star, assuming the density you found and a cross section for scattering of neutrinos on neutrons of σνn = 10−42 cm2.arrow_forwardFor the nuclear reaction ¹4N + a →p + ¹70 which may also be written as ¹4N(α, p) ¹70, determine the following. (Enter your answers in MeV. Assume atomic masses MN-14 = 14.0031 u, MHe-4 = 4.0026 u, MH-1 = 1.0078 u, and Mo-17 = 16.9991 u.) (a) Using classical theory, determine the Coulomb electric potential energy barrier the incident alpha particles must overcome in order to initiate the reaction. MeV (b) Using nuclear theory, determine the threshold kinetic energy the incident alpha particles must have in order to initiate the reaction. MeVarrow_forward
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