EBK BIOLOGY
10th Edition
ISBN: 8220100474729
Author: Martin
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 42, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Drugs have been prescribed by doctors to alter psychological conditions. Abuse of prescription drugs has become a severe problem, especially in teenagers. Alcohol is the most commonly used as an abused drug. Continuous use of drugs can make a person addicted to that drug.
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Which of the following is true in regards to dopamine activity in the basal ganglia? (Select all that apply)
Question 7 options:
A)
D1 receptors are coupled to the Gs subunit
B)
D2 receptors inhibit the indirect pathway
C)
D2 receptors are coupled to the Gi subunit
D)
D1 receptors activate the direct pathway
Which of the following is NOT a functional or structural change that occurs in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system as a result of exposure to addictive drugs?
A) Decreased baseline levels of dopamine activity, causing a decreased response to normal rewarding stimuli.
B) Neural plasticity in response to drugs and drug-related stimuli decreases.
C) Potentiation of synapses between glumate-releasing neurons and dopamine-releasing neurons in the VTA.
D) Increased dendrite length and greater synaptic complexity in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal lobes.
Identify two neural pathways in the
brain that use dopamine as a
neurotransmitter, and
explain their significance.
Chapter 42 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 42.1 - Identify trends in the evolution of invertebrate...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 42.1 - What are some advantages of cephalization?Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 42.2 - Describe the functions of each component of the...Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 42.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 6LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 42.4 - What are two main functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 42.4 - What role does the limbic system play in emotions?...Ch. 42.4 - In what ways does your success on a biology exam...Ch. 42.5 - Describe the organization of the peripheral...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 11LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 42.6 - Prob. 12LOCh. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 42 - Test your Understanding Know and Comprehend A...Ch. 42 - Which part of the vertebrate brain maintains...Ch. 42 - The main association area in the amphibian brain...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - Test Your Understanding 8. VISUALIZE Label the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - EVOLUTION LINK CREB has been shown to be a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. What is their mechanism of action? a. They inhibit the breakdown of dopamine. b. They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by glia. c. They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by neurons. d. They inhibit the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine. e. They inhibit the synthesis of dopamine.arrow_forwardThe most important reward circuit in the brain is the mesolimbic pathway. Dopaminergic neurons originate in the _____ and connect to the _____ and other structures. A) hippocampus; amygdala B) amygdala; prefrontal cortex C) ventral tegmental area (VTA); nucleus accumbens D) nucleus accumbens; prefrontal cortexarrow_forwardWhat is the most likely mechanism producing tolerance to cocaine and then the dysphoria that is associated with cocaine withdrawal? A. Dynorphin neurons cause presynaptic inhibition to decrease dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens B. Cocaine runs the dopamine transporter backwards to cause tolerance and withdrawal C. cocaine binds to opiate receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) D. Dynorphin neurons stimulate dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and increase dopamine release into the nucleus accumbensarrow_forward
- Which of these statements about catecholamines is false? a.They include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. b.Their effects are increased by action of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. c.They are inactivated by monoamine oxidase. d.They are inactivated by reuptake into the presynaptic axon. e.They may stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the postsynaptic axon.arrow_forwardIn schizophrenia, the neurons affected by dopamine are overstimulated. This condition is treated with drugs like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), which bind to the affected receptors and inhibit the dopamine signal. Does chlorpromazineact as an agonist or antagonist?arrow_forwardwhat will be the immediate effect of this inhibition On the concentration of dopamine? a) Dopamine concentration will increase. b) Dopamine concentration will decrease. c) Dopamine concentration will stay the same. After some time, a large increase in the concentration(s) of _______ will directly overcome the inhibitor molecule. a) Dopamine b) Phenylalanine c) L-DOPA and Phosphate d) Dopamine and oxygenarrow_forward
- Briefly describe our brain's mesolimbic dopamine system. (A) Which brain structures are involved in this system? (B) What type of behavior does it regulate? (C) Even though social media (or video games and the like) isn't something ingested, do you think this system is involved in our social media behavior? Or do you think something else is involved? Please provide a brief, but specific response. Answer as much as you can please!!!!!!! Thank you!!!!!!arrow_forwardAutonomic neurons whose cell bodies reside in the peripheral nervous system and are activated by action potentials of thoracolumbar origin release: a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. acetylcholine d. dopamine e. glutamatearrow_forwardA mutation causes a switch in dopamine receptor G-protein-coupled mechanisms in the basal ganglia, causing D1 and D2 receptors to swap their G-protein subunits. If these animals began showing Parkinson-like neuronal degeneration, what would be the resulting motor function? Question 1 options: A) Hyperkinetic B) No change C) Hypokineticarrow_forward
- If incoming serotonin axons were destroyed, LSD would still have its full effects. However, if incoming dopamine axons were destroyed, amphetamine and cocaine would lose their effects. Explain the difference.arrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all but (a) norepinephrine, (b) acetylcholine, (c) dopamine, (d) serotonin.arrow_forwardThe neurotransmitter system that is MOST important for basal ganglia function is the: a.mesolimbic dopamine system. b.acetylcholine system. c. norepinephrine system. d.nigrostriatal dopamine system.arrow_forward
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