Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 42, Problem 4DAA
Summary Introduction
To explain: If multiple pregnancy increases the relative risk of chromosomal defects in the offspring.
Concept introduction: During the gestation period, the mother can have single birth or multiple births. Single birth is where only one fetus is carried during the gestation period in the womb. Multiple births are where more than one fetus is carried during the gestation period such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, and more. Carrying more than one fetus in the womb results in insufficient supply of nutrients to the developing fetus. These fetuses become still-born or born with abnormalities
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Pregnant women are exposed to some physiological and psychological changes during the prenatal period. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of age factor on these physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy. The study included all adolescent (15-18 years) adult (19-34 years) and advanced age (35 years and above) pregnant women who applied to the clinic for 8 months in March 2003, and a total of n = 150 pregnant women, n = 50 from each group, were included in the study. is included. The research is planned as descriptive comparative. In the findings, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in fatigue, frequent urination and respiratory distress compared to age groups (p <0.05). As a result of the study, it was revealed that age is not an important factor in both physiological and psychological changes of pregnant women.
Write down the purpose of this research, research questions, and key hypotheses / hypotheses. Write down both…
Observation 1: 1 out of 2 first trimester abortuses show abnormal karyotypes with 96% caused by numerical abnormalities and 4% with structural abnormalities. At live birth, 1 out of 160 has abnormal karyotypes with 60% caused by numerical changes. This number increases with fetuses of mothers over 35 years old to 1/50 for total incidence and 85% for numerical changes.
Questions:
Think of reasons why it is important to maintain the number and structure of chromosomes.
Why is maternal age so important?
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Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 42 - Prob. 1DAACh. 42 - Prob. 2DAACh. 42 - Prob. 3DAACh. 42 - Prob. 4DAACh. 42 - The end product of cleavage is a __________. a....Ch. 42 - The outermost germ layer in a vertebrate gastrula...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3SQCh. 42 - Prob. 4SQCh. 42 - In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the...Ch. 42 - The ________, a fluid-filled sac, surrounds and...
Ch. 42 - The placenta consists of __________. a. embryonic...Ch. 42 - During the fetal period, ____________. a....Ch. 42 - Prob. 9SQCh. 42 - Match each hormone with its action(s). ______...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11SQCh. 42 - Prob. 12SQCh. 42 - Prob. 13SQCh. 42 - Prob. 14SQCh. 42 - Place these events in human development in the...Ch. 42 - The rubella virus causes German measles. If a...Ch. 42 - A nursing mother who has an alcoholic drink...Ch. 42 - To determine the effect of the bicoid gene,...Ch. 42 - If an embryo splits at the two-cell stage, each of...
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardWhy is a multiple-gestation pregnancy considered a high risk? Postpartum hemorrhage is an expected complication. Perinatal mortality is two to three times more likely in multiple than in single births. Optimal psychological adjustment after a multiple birth requires 6 months to 1 year. Maternal mortality is higher during the prenatal period in the setting of multiple gestation.arrow_forward_______ Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Rates of preterm delivery and low birth-weight in the United States are trending downward but remain higher in non-Hispanic Black American women and infants than in other groups. b. Reductions in the proportion of infants born small, early, or both would clearly decrease infant mortality. c. The international ranking of the United States for infant mortality rate has been improving since the beginning of the twenty-first century. d. National health objectives for pregnant women and newborns focus on the reduction of low birth-weight, preterm delivery, and infant mortality.arrow_forward
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- Sandra Marquez feels well so she asks you why she needs to come for prenatal care. The best reason for her to receive regular care is: a. Discovering allergies can help eliminate early birth. b. lt provides time for education about pregnancy and birth. c. It will give her something to look forward to every month. d. lt helps document how many pregnancies occur each year.arrow_forwardDonita Rose, a 14-year old high school graduate, her first pregnancy on her 20 weeks gestation sought consultation at your clinic for her initial prenatal visit. History revealed that this is an unpleasant pregnancy with her 3rd boyfriend who broke up with her upon hearing about the pregnancy. During the 13-months of her pregnancy, she had several episodes of nausea and vomiting for which she noticed apparent weight loss. Which of the following reasons could lead to a mortality of Donita Rose? a. Young age and first pregnancy b. Domestic violence c. Lack of competent health care provider d. Weak referral systemarrow_forwardPlz give me answer both questionarrow_forward
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