Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
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Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known …
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosi…
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the prob…
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Chapter 4.2, Problem 42E

Construct a Venn diagram representing the event

  1. a. (not E).
  2. b. (A or B).
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(c) Because logistic regression predicts probabilities of outcomes, observations used to build a logistic regression model need not be independent. A. false: all observations must be independent B. true C. false: only observations with the same outcome need to be independent I ANSWERED: A. false: all observations must be independent.  (This was marked wrong but I have no idea why. Isn't this a basic assumption of logistic regression)
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Spam filters are built on principles similar to those used in logistic regression. We fit a probability that each message is spam or not spam. We have several variables for each email. Here are a few: to_multiple=1 if there are multiple recipients, winner=1 if the word 'winner' appears in the subject line, format=1 if the email is poorly formatted, re_subj=1 if "re" appears in the subject line. A logistic model was fit to a dataset with the following output:   Estimate SE Z Pr(>|Z|) (Intercept) -0.8161 0.086 -9.4895 0 to_multiple -2.5651 0.3052 -8.4047 0 winner 1.5801 0.3156 5.0067 0 format -0.1528 0.1136 -1.3451 0.1786 re_subj -2.8401 0.363 -7.824 0 (a) Write down the model using the coefficients from the model fit.log_odds(spam) = -0.8161 + -2.5651 + to_multiple  + 1.5801 winner + -0.1528 format + -2.8401 re_subj(b) Suppose we have an observation where to_multiple=0, winner=1, format=0, and re_subj=0. What is the predicted probability that this message is spam?…

Chapter 4 Solutions

Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)

Ch. 4.1 - Roughly speaking, what is an experiment? an event?Ch. 4.1 - Concerning the equal-likelihood model of...Ch. 4.1 - What is the difference between selecting a member...Ch. 4.1 - If a member is selected at random from a finite...Ch. 4.1 - An experiment has 20 possible outcomes, all...Ch. 4.1 - An experiment has 40 possible outcomes, all...Ch. 4.1 - State the frequentist interpretation of...Ch. 4.1 - Interpret each of the following probability...Ch. 4.1 - Interpret each of the following probability...Ch. 4.1 - Which of the following numbers could not possibly...
Ch. 4.1 - Which of the following numbers could not possibly...Ch. 4.1 - Oklahoma State Officials. Refer to Table 4.1 on...Ch. 4.1 - Oklahoma State Officials. Refer to Table 4.1 on...Ch. 4.1 - Playing Cards. An ordinary deck of playing cards...Ch. 4.1 - Poker Chips. A bowl contains 12 poker chips3 red,...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 4.164.26, express your probability...Ch. 4.1 - Housing Units. Refer to Exercise 4.19. a. Which,...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 4.1 - The probability is 0.314 that the gestation period...Ch. 4.1 - The probability is 0.667 that the favorite in a...Ch. 4.1 - U.S. Governors. In 2013, according to the National...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 4.1 - Bilingual and Trilingual. At a certain university...Ch. 4.1 - Consider the random experiment of tossing a coin...Ch. 4.1 - Roulette. An American roulette wheel contains 38...Ch. 4.1 - Cyber Affair. As found in USA TODAY, results of a...Ch. 4.1 - Belmont Stakes. The Belmont Stakes is the third...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 39ECh. 4.1 - Lightning Casualties. An issue of Travel + Leisure...Ch. 4.2 - What type of graphical displays are useful for...Ch. 4.2 - Construct a Venn diagram representing the event a....Ch. 4.2 - Construct a Venn diagram representing the event a....Ch. 4.2 - Construct a Venn diagram representing the event a....Ch. 4.2 - Construct a Venn diagram representing the event a....Ch. 4.2 - Consider the set consisting of the first 12...Ch. 4.2 - Consider the set consisting of the first 10...Ch. 4.2 - What does it mean for two events to be mutually...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 4.2 - Answer true or false to the following statement...Ch. 4.2 - Answer true or false to the following statement...Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Venn diagram portraying four mutually...Ch. 4.2 - Dice. When one die is rolled, the following six...Ch. 4.2 - Horse Racing. In a horse race, the odds against...Ch. 4.2 - Committee Selection. A committee consists of five...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 4.2 - Horse Racing. Refer to Exercise 4.54. For each of...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 60ECh. 4.2 - Diabetes Prevalence. In a report titled Behavioral...Ch. 4.2 - Family Planning. The following table provides a...Ch. 4.2 - World Series. The World Series in baseball is won...Ch. 4.2 - NBA Finals. The NBA Finals of basketball is played...Ch. 4.2 - Housing Units. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes...Ch. 4.2 - Protecting the Environment. A survey was conducted...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 4.2 - Housing Units. Refer to Exercise 4.65. Among the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 4.2 - Die and Coin. Consider the following random...Ch. 4.2 - Jurors. From 10 men and 8 women in a pool of...Ch. 4.2 - Let A and B be events of a sample space. a....Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 74ECh. 4.2 - Suppose that A, B, and C are three events that...Ch. 4.2 - Let A, B, and C be events of a sample space....Ch. 4.3 - Playing Cards. An ordinary deck of playing cards...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 4.3 - Suppose that A and B are mutually exclusive events...Ch. 4.3 - Suppose that C and D are mutually exclusive events...Ch. 4.3 - Let E be an event with probability 0.35. Find the...Ch. 4.3 - Let F be an event with probability 0.72. Find the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 84ECh. 4.3 - Suppose that A and B are events such that P(A) =...Ch. 4.3 - Suppose that A and B are events such that P(A) =...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 87ECh. 4.3 - Sales Tax Receipts. The State of Texas maintains...Ch. 4.3 - Twelfth-Grade Smokers. The National Institute on...Ch. 4.3 - Oil Spills. The U.S. Coast Guard maintains a...Ch. 4.3 - Internet Access. From the document Computer and...Ch. 4.3 - Religion in America. According to the Religious...Ch. 4.3 - Ages of Senators. Refer to Exercise 4.87. Use the...Ch. 4.3 - Sales Tax Receipts. Refer to Exercise 4.88. Use...Ch. 4.3 - Student Debt. The Association of American...Ch. 4.3 - Naturalization. The U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and...Ch. 4.3 - Craps. In the game of craps, a player rolls two...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 98ECh. 4.3 - School Enrollment. The National Center for...Ch. 4.3 - Suppose that A and B are mutually exclusive...Ch. 4.3 - Newspaper Subscription. A certain city has three...Ch. 4.3 - General Addition Rule Extended. The general...Ch. 4.4 - Identify three ways in which the total number of...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that bivariate data are to be grouped into...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 105ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 106ECh. 4.4 - In each of Exercises 4.1074.110, a. fill in the...Ch. 4.4 - In each of Exercises 4.1074.110, a. fill in the...Ch. 4.4 - In each of Exercises 4.1074.110, a. fill in the...Ch. 4.4 - In each of Exercises 4.1074.110, a. fill in the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 111ECh. 4.4 - Motor Vehicle Use. The Federal Highway...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 113ECh. 4.4 - Farms. The U.S. Department of Agriculture...Ch. 4.4 - Field Trips. P. Li et al. analyzed existing...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 116ECh. 4.4 - New England Patriots. Refer to Exercise 4.111. a....Ch. 4.4 - Motor Vehicle Use. Refer to Exercise 4.112. a. For...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 119ECh. 4.4 - Farms. Refer to Exercise 4.114. A U.S. farm is...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 121ECh. 4.4 - What does the general addition rule (Formula 4.3...Ch. 4.4 - In this exercise, you are asked to verify that the...Ch. 4.5 - Regarding conditional probability: a. What is it?...Ch. 4.5 - Give an example of the conditional probability of...Ch. 4.5 - Suppose that A and B are events such that P(A) =...Ch. 4.5 - Suppose that C and D are events such that P(C) =...Ch. 4.5 - Suppose that C and D are events such that P(C) =...Ch. 4.5 - Suppose that A and B are events such that P(A) =...Ch. 4.5 - In each of Exercises 4.1304.133, we have presented...Ch. 4.5 - In each of Exercises 4.1304.133, we have presented...Ch. 4.5 - In each of Exercises 4.1304.133, we have presented...Ch. 4.5 - In each of Exercises 4.1304.133, we have presented...Ch. 4.5 - Coin Tossing. A balanced dime is tossed twice. The...Ch. 4.5 - Playing Cards. One card is selected at random from...Ch. 4.5 - State Populations. From Infoplease, we obtained...Ch. 4.5 - Housing Units. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes...Ch. 4.5 - Protective Orders. In the article Judicial...Ch. 4.5 - New England Patriots. From the National Football...Ch. 4.5 - Acclaim or Attack. In the article A Functional...Ch. 4.5 - Self-Concept and Sightedness. Self-concept can be...Ch. 4.5 - Living Arrangements. As reported by the U.S....Ch. 4.5 - Smartphone Ownership. From the document Smartphone...Ch. 4.5 - HPV Vaccine. In the article Correlates for...Ch. 4.5 - Dentist Visits. The National Center for Health...Ch. 4.5 - Scientists and Engineers. The U.S. National...Ch. 4.5 - Property Crime. As reported by the Federal Bureau...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 148ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 149ECh. 4.5 - Dice. Two balanced dice are thrown, one red and...Ch. 4.5 - Royal Offspring. A king and queen have two...Ch. 4.5 - New England Patriots. Refer to Exercise 4.139. a....Ch. 4.5 - Let A and B be events, each with positive...Ch. 4.5 - Drugs and Car Accidents. Suppose that it has been...Ch. 4.6 - Regarding the general multiplication rule and the...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose that A and B are two events. a. What does...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 157ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 158ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 159ECh. 4.6 - Suppose P(A) = 7/8 and P(B | A) = 5/7. Find P(A...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 161ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 162ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 163ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 164ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 165ECh. 4.6 - In each of Exercises 4.1654.176, decide whether or...Ch. 4.6 - In each of Exercises 4.1654.176, decide whether or...Ch. 4.6 - In each of Exercises 4.1654.176, decide whether or...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 169ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 170ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 171ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 172ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 173ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 174ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 175ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 176ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 177ECh. 4.6 - Suppose that C, D, and E are independent events...Ch. 4.6 - Holiday Depression. According to the Opinion...Ch. 4.6 - Addiction Medicine. The report Addiction Medicine:...Ch. 4.6 - ESP Experiment. A person has agreed to participate...Ch. 4.6 - Cards. Cards numbered 1, 2, 3, . . . , 10 are...Ch. 4.6 - Class Levels. A frequency distribution for the...Ch. 4.6 - Governors. The National Governors Association...Ch. 4.6 - Medical School Faculty. The Association of...Ch. 4.6 - Injured Americans. The National Center for Health...Ch. 4.6 - U.S. Congress. The U.S. Congress, Joint Committee...Ch. 4.6 - Doctoral Degrees. The U.S. National Science...Ch. 4.6 - Coin Tossing. When a balanced dime is tossed three...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 190ECh. 4.6 - Drawing Cards. Two cards are drawn at random from...Ch. 4.6 - Yahtzee. In the game of Yahtzee, five balanced...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 193ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 194ECh. 4.6 - Traffic Fatalities. According to Accident Facts,...Ch. 4.6 - Death Penalty. One of the more contentious issues...Ch. 4.6 - Nuts and Bolts. A hardware manufacturer produces...Ch. 4.6 - Activity Limitations. The National Center for...Ch. 4.6 - Scholarships. Marilyn vos Savant writes the column...Ch. 4.6 - General Multiplication Rule Extended. For three...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 201ECh. 4.6 - Calculus Pretest. Students are given three chances...Ch. 4.6 - In this exercise, you examine further the concepts...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 204ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 205ECh. 4.6 - Coin Tossing. When a balanced coin is tossed four...Ch. 4.7 - What does it mean for four events to be...Ch. 4.7 - What does it mean for four events to be mutually...Ch. 4.7 - Are exhaustive events necessarily mutually...Ch. 4.7 - Explain why an event and its complement are always...Ch. 4.7 - In each of Exercises 4.2114.214, the events A1,...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 212ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 213ECh. 4.7 - In each of Exercises 4.2114.214, the events A1,...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 215ECh. 4.7 - Playing Golf. From the National Golf Foundation...Ch. 4.7 - Belief in Extraterrestrial Aliens. According to an...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 218ECh. 4.7 - Education and Astrology. The following table...Ch. 4.7 - Chronic Illness and Participation. The aim of a...Ch. 4.7 - Obesity and Age. A person is said to be overweight...Ch. 4.7 - Corporations and Elections. Based on research by...Ch. 4.7 - Textbook Revision. Textbook publishers must...Ch. 4.7 - Broken Eggs. At a grocery store, eggs come in...Ch. 4.7 - Pap Tests. Medical tests are frequently used to...Ch. 4.7 - Monty Hall Problem. Several years ago, in a column...Ch. 4.7 - Red and Black. You have two cards. One is red on...Ch. 4.7 - Smoking and Lung Disease. Refer to Example 4.26 on...Ch. 4.8 - What are counting rules? Why are they important?Ch. 4.8 - Why is the basic counting rule (BCR) often...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 231ECh. 4.8 - Identify the notation used for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 233ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 234ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 235ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 236ECh. 4.8 - Determine the value of each quantity. a. 4P3 b....Ch. 4.8 - Determine the value of each quantity. a. 7P3 b....Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 239ECh. 4.8 - Determine the value of each quantity. a. 7C3 b....Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 241ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 242ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 243ECh. 4.8 - Home Models and Elevations. Refer to Example 4.27...Ch. 4.8 - Home Models and Elevations. Refer to Example 4.27...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 246ECh. 4.8 - Zip Codes. The author spoke with a representative...Ch. 4.8 - Computerized Testing. A statistics professor needs...Ch. 4.8 - Telephone Numbers. In the United States, telephone...Ch. 4.8 - i Dolls. An advertisement for i Dolls states:...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 251ECh. 4.8 - Testing for ESP. An extrasensory perception (ESP)...Ch. 4.8 - Los Angeles Dodgers. From the official website of...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 254ECh. 4.8 - Assigning Sales Territories. The sales manager of...Ch. 4.8 - Five-Card Stud. A hand of five-card stud poker...Ch. 4.8 - IRS Audits. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS)...Ch. 4.8 - A Lottery. At a lottery, 100 tickets were sold and...Ch. 4.8 - Shake. Ten people attend a party. If each pair of...Ch. 4.8 - Championship Series. Professional sports leagues...Ch. 4.8 - Five-Card Draw. A hand of five-card draw poker...Ch. 4.8 - Senate Committees. The U.S. Senate consists of 100...Ch. 4.8 - Venus Throw. The Dr. Fishers Casebook feature...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 264ECh. 4.8 - Quality Assurance. Refer to Example 4.36, which...Ch. 4.8 - The Birthday Problem. A biology class has 38...Ch. 4.8 - Mega Millions. Mega Millions is a multi-state...Ch. 4.8 - TrueFalse Tests. A student takes a truefalse test...Ch. 4.8 - Florida Battleground State. From the Washington...Ch. 4.8 - Sampling Without Replacement. A simple random...Ch. 4.8 - The Birthday Problem. Refer to Exercise 4.266, but...Ch. 4 - Why is probability theory important to statistics?Ch. 4 - Regarding the equal-likelihood model, a. what is...Ch. 4 - What meaning is given to the probability of an...Ch. 4 - Decide which of these numbers could not possibly...Ch. 4 - Identify a commonly used graphical technique for...Ch. 4 - What does it mean for two or more events to be...Ch. 4 - Suppose that E is an event. Use probability...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RPCh. 4 - Identify one reason why the complementation rule...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10RPCh. 4 - The sum of the joint probabilities in a row or...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12RPCh. 4 - Prob. 13RPCh. 4 - Prob. 14RPCh. 4 - Prob. 15RPCh. 4 - State the basic counting rule (BCR).Ch. 4 - A, B, and C are mutually exclusive events such...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18RPCh. 4 - A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.2, P(B) =...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20RPCh. 4 - A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) =...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22RPCh. 4 - Prob. 23RPCh. 4 - A1, A2, and A3 are mutually exclusive and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25RPCh. 4 - Prob. 26RPCh. 4 - How many samples of size 3 are possible from a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 28RPCh. 4 - TV Location. The Television Bureau of Advertising...Ch. 4 - Adjusted Gross Incomes. The Internal Revenue...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31RPCh. 4 - Prob. 32RPCh. 4 - Adjusted Gross Incomes. Refer to Problems 30 and...Ch. 4 - Adjusted Gross Incomes. Consider the events (not...Ch. 4 - School Enrollment. The National Center for...Ch. 4 - School Enrollment. Refer to the information given...Ch. 4 - School Enrollment. Refer to the information given...Ch. 4 - School Enrollment. Refer to the information given...Ch. 4 - Public Programs. During one year, the College of...Ch. 4 - Divorced Birds. Research by B. Hatchwell et al. on...Ch. 4 - Color Blindness. According to M. Neitz and J....Ch. 4 - Smartphone Ownership. The Pew Internet American...Ch. 4 - Quinella and Trifecta Wagering. In Example 4.31 on...Ch. 4 - Bridge. A bridge hand consists of an unordered...Ch. 4 - Sweet Sixteen. In the NCAA basketball tournament,...Ch. 4 - TVs and DVDs. According to Nielsen Media Research,...Ch. 4 - At the beginning of this chapter on pages 156157,...

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