Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 42, Problem 2CQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The effect of high extracellular concentration of Na+ on neurons.
Introduction: Nerves relay messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. Additionally, they carry the messages from the central nervous system to muscles and other organs. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical impulses. The signals that reach the cell body stimulate the neuron to generate its own signal in the form of an action potential, and relay it to the next neuron or the effector organs.
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Severe burns, particularly third-degree burns that damage a significant portion of
the body surface, can result in the release of sodium from damaged cells into the
bloodstream leading to hypernatremia. Note: Words with the suffix '-emia'
generally indicate a presence of a substance or condition in the blood.
Question: Based on this information, which of the following statement/s is/are
true?
☐ Hypernatremia would lead to a greater Na* influx through voltage-gated Na* channels.
This increased Na* influx would cause the cell to reach threshold faster and increase
cell excitability.
☐ Hypernatremia can result in more negative resting membrane potential due to the
reduced efflux of Na+ ions. Consequently, this may lead to a decrease in the rate of
action potential generation in excitable cells.
Hypernatremia can result in a more positive resting membrane potential due to the
increased influx of K+ ions. Consequently, this may lead to a decrease in the rate of
action potential generation…
High Potassium can cause the symptoms seen in hyperkalemia. What about low potassium, known as hypokalemia? What affectwould hypokalemia have on the resting membrane potential and action potentials?
How does increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration affect the action potential of a neuron?
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What happens to the membrane potential inside and outside of the cell when Na+ channels are open?arrow_forwardHyperkalemia is a condition by which ECF potassium levels become too high (usually due to kidney failure). Consider the following questions about the consequence of hyperkalemia on membrane potential. How would hyperkalemia affect EK? Considering your answer to the previous question, how would hyperkalemia affect membrane potential?arrow_forwarda) Explain in detail what is occurring at stage A in the graph. (Be specific in terms of what's happening to the ion channels in your explanation if necessary!) b) What does this graph represent as a whole? Explain the main idea it portrays. +40| -70- A 1 2 4 Time/ms Potential Difference/mV Barrow_forward
- What happens across the membrane of an electrically active cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualize with static images or through text descriptions. View this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) to learn more about this process. What is the difference between the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what is similar about the movement of these two ions?arrow_forwardThe figure below may help in answering some of the questions. 1. What ions are flowing (and in which direction) both during the rising phase and the falling phase of the action potential? 2. What are the values of both the 'y' (vertical) axis and the 'x' (horizontal) axis. 3. If extracellular levels of K+ rose (a condition called hyperkalemia), how would that affect the resting membrane potential? 3arrow_forwardDescribe the changes in membrane permeability that underlie the membrane potential changesarrow_forward
- Why do only a small number of sodium ions need to flow through the Na+ channel to change the membrane potential significantly?arrow_forwardDescribe the ion movement across the cell membrane during the following stages: resting potential, threshold potential, depolarization, repolarization.arrow_forwardAfter discussing his case with his physician, he learned that he had probably been the victim of pufferfish poisoning. The active toxin in the tissues of this fish is a chemical called tetrodotoxin (TTX). Tetrodotoxin is in a class of chemicals known as neurotoxins because it exerts its effects on neurons. The specific action of tetrodotoxin is that it blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. Define the following phrases and terms associated with the signs and symptoms of Dr. Westwood’s TTX poisoning: diaphoresis motor dysfunction paresthesias cyanotic hypoventilating bradycardia gastric lavage oxygen saturation As mentioned in the case description, tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. What is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel and what is its function? When nerve cells are at rest, there is an unequal amount of positive and negative charges on either side of a nerve cell membrane. This charge difference creates an electrical potential.…arrow_forward
- The normal concentrations for intracellular and extracellular potassium in a neuron are [K+]in = 150 mM and [K+]out = 5 mM, respectively. Due to an electrolyte imbalance, a patient has the following intracellular and extracellular concentrations of potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM and [K+]out =2 mM. Using the Nernst equation (Chapter 4), calculate the equilibrium potential for potassium in the cells with normal K+ distributions and of the diseased patient. Refer back to Question #1. Will it be easier or more difficult to generate an action potential in the diseased neuron as compared to the normal neuron? Why?arrow_forwardDescribe the concentration differences for Na+ and K+that exist across the plasma membrane.arrow_forwardWhat properties of ion channels allow them to generate the large, rapid changes in membrane potential?arrow_forward
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