The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings. Introduction: Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

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Answer 5

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

Answer 6

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

Answer 7

Chapter 42, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings.

Introduction:

Genes are the hereditary material that carries the genetic information from parents to offsprings. They code for proteins which are their real products. Any change especially the disturbance in the genetic machinery causes a change and mainly deformity in the organism in which there is a change in the genes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations are the change in the genetic machinery of an organism. They are inherited from one generation to the other. They generally result in damage and are maximally harmful and very rarely useful. There are many types of mutations like the frame shift mutation, point mutation, addition, deletion, inversion, insertion mutations and some others.

The male and female gametes are haploid that is both have single set of chromosomes. In the process of fertilization there is fusion of male and female gametes. During the fertilization process, there is donation of the pronucleus of sperm which also contains the genetic material of father to the offsprings. So the parts of the cytoplasm are definitely of mother.

It is a very well known fact that mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of a cell. As the contribution of cytoplasm is of mother and father’s contribution is only of pronucleus and not of cytoplasm, so it is clear that there will be no contribution of father if there is a mutation in the genes of mitochondria and it will be the contribution of mother.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The reason why there is no contribution from father in the case of inheritance of mitochondrial mutations from mother to offsprings is that cytoplasm is from the mother and mitochondria is present in cytoplasm and not in the nucleus in a cell.

Answer 12

Ch. 42.1 - Describe the fast and slow blocks to polyspermy.Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1BS.1QC Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1BS.2QC Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 2CYP

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