The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria. Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption 1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable) (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip (f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo

3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug: (a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate) (b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax). (c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). (d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.) (e)…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

Answer 6

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.

Answer 7

Chapter 42, Problem 1SAQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The advantages as well as the disadvantages of the multisystem used for the identification of bacteria.

Introduction: API Staph (Analytical profile index) is a systematized procedure used for the identification of the genera such as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, as well as Kocuria. This procedure employs miniaturized biochemical tests with a specifically adapted database.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Advantages of the multisystem method: Many biochemical procedures can be carried out at once. Minimum storage area and equipment are needed. Test results can be obtained rapidly. Less quantity of medium is enough to carry out the test. Test results can be analyzed using a computer.

Disadvantages of multisystem method: It is difficult to read biochemical reactions. If anyone of the test chambers is contaminated, it would likely contaminate the others. Some of the media need heavy inoculation of bacterial culture, whereas some require less inoculation.