A mechanism for the given reaction. Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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6. Match each of the lettered items in the column on the left with the most appropriate numbered item(s) in the column on the right. Some of the numbered items may be used more than once and some not at all. a. Z = 37 1. b. Mn 2. C. Pr element in period 5 and group 14 element in period 5 and group 15 d. S e. [Rn] 7s¹ f. d block metal 3. highest metallic character of all the elements 4. paramagnetic with 5 unpaired electrons 5. 4f36s2 6. isoelectronic with Ca²+ cation 7. an alkaline metal 8. an f-block element

Draw all formal charges on the structures below as is and draw 1 resonance structure that is more stable.

Part II. xiao isolated a compound TAD (Ca H 10 N₂) from tobacco and obtained its IR spectrum. Xiao proposed a chemical structure shown below: % Transmittance 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1500 1000 (a) Explain why her proposed structure is inconsistent with the IR spectrum obtained (b) TAD exists as a tautomer of the structure xiao proposed. Draw the structure and explain why it is more compatible with the obtained spectrum. (C) what is the possible source for the fairly intense signal at 1621cm1

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.14, Problem 4.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: A mechanism for the given reaction.

Interpretation: A mechanism for the given reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structure of rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The structure of rate limiting transition state is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state.

Interpretation: The intermediate that closely resembles to rate limiting transition state is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: According to Hammond’s postulate, the structure of transition state resembles to the structure of compound that has energy near to it.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane.

Interpretation: The explanation for high reactivity of bromine with cyclohexene than cyclohexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4.3A - Draw Lewis structures for the following free...Ch. 4.3B - a. Write the propagation steps leading to the...Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.4 - The following reaction has a value of G =...Ch. 4.4 - Under base-catalyzed conditions two molecules of...Ch. 4.5B - When ethene is mixed with hydrogen in the presence...Ch. 4.5B - For each reaction, estimate whether S for the...Ch. 4.7 - a. Propose a mechanism for the free radical...Ch. 4.7 - a. Using bond-dissociation enthalpies from...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination.

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