The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane. Interpretation: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane is to be stated. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Question

Where are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?

Answer 1

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 4.13B, Problem 4.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane.

Interpretation: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline.

Interpretation: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical is to be written and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical.

Interpretation: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Where are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?

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Where are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?

Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 4.13B, Problem 4.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane.

Interpretation: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline.

Interpretation: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical is to be written and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical.

Interpretation: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 4.13B, Problem 4.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane.

Interpretation: The reason for less knocking tendency of isooctane than n-heptane is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline.

Interpretation: An equation that shows abstraction of a hydrogen atom from tert-butyl alcohol by alkyl free radical is to be written and explanation for working of tert-butyl alcohol as an antiknock additive for gasoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical.

Interpretation: The explanation for high octane value of toluene and an equation that shows toluene react with an alkyl free radical to give relatively stable radical is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. Generally, the initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 4.13B, Problem 4.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction