Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321994936
Author: Ted R. Johnson, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41, Problem 3CT
How would you experimentally show that the bactericidal properties of the normal serum were due to innate immunity and not to adaptive immunity?
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- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardDo vaccines produce active or passive humoral immunity? Explain your answer. Why is passive immunity less satisfactory?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the type of immunity acquired in the following example? Example: An infant receives antibodies from the mother through breastfeeding. A) passive, natural B) passive, artificial active, natural active, artificial Question 33 What caused COVID-19 to be re-ciassif ed from an epidemic to a pandemic?arrow_forward
- What distinguishes constitutive resistance from an induced response? What is the difference between innate and acquired immunity? What evidence is there that acquired immunity exists in organisms other than vertebrates.arrow_forwardA man gets bitten by a rattle snake. The man is rushed to the hospital and they administer to him anti-rattle snake venom. The anti-rattle snake venom is horse antibodies that were raised against rattle snake venom, and it provides immunity against rattle snake venom. Based on what you studied in the lecture: A) what is the type of immunity that antivenom provides? B) Are the antibodies part of the innate or the adaptive immune responses? C) From what you have learned about the properties of antibodies, can this horse anti-rattle snake venom be used as anti-venom to Cobra snake venom? Explain briefly. D) Six months after this incident, the same person got bitten again by a rattle snake. However, at the hospital the doctors were informed that he was previously given horse anti-venom and so they decided that this person cannot be injected again with horse anti-venom, and they had to find an anti-venom not prepared in horse. Explain briefly why he cannot get any horse anti-venom again,…arrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.arrow_forward
- What is an example of natural immunity acquired passively?arrow_forwardCorrectly order the steps in cellular Immunity. Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item. Items to order: a) .Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognizes the infected host cell b) The CTL secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis c) The CTL interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell d) The helper T cell activates the CTL cellarrow_forwardDuring the innate immunity response, which of the following pathogen types would you expect to be treated more similarly: helminths and viruses or extracellular bacteria and fungi? Why?arrow_forward
- What are the principle components and functions of innate and adaptive (Humoral and cell-mediated) immunity? describe in 100 wordsarrow_forwardTwo newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high concentrations of anti-meningococcal antibodies that would provide mucosal as well as bloodstream protection. Also, the ideal candidate vaccine should also provide long-lasting immunity to the infection. The figure below shows the responses to a primary, followed by a secondary immunization to each of the two candidate vaccines. a) Which candidate vaccine elicits the preferred response? What are the three aspects of the preferred response that make it the candidate vaccine of choice? b) What is the likely composition of each vaccine and what evidence from the information above are used to lead to your conclusions? c) To confirm the choice of the preferred candidate vaccine, what type of additional information from the vaccine trials in mice shown above would support this conclusion? Name two additional features of the secondary antibody response to each candidate vaccine that could be…arrow_forwardHerd immunity means that the entire population (not just those who are vaccinated) are protected from a disease. What is one way that herd immunity protects an unvaccinated person (such as an infant who is too young to be vaccinated or a person who is immunocompromised)?arrow_forward
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