Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 40, Problem 2IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: If the plants will flower at different times in the absence of flower-repressing genes and the vernalization and autonomous pathway genes induced expression of flower-promoting genes.
Introduction: The flowering plants have four different flowering pathways which are genetically regulated. The pathways include the light-dependent pathway, temperature pathway, gibberellin-dependent pathway, and the autonomous pathway.
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in flowering control of plant, describe a situation wherein there are mutations in at least one or all of the genes responsible for control of the floral development.
EXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS
Objective:
To prepare anther as a source of explant
To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants
Procedure:
Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds
Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol.
Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud.
Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm.
Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light.
Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report.
Observation:
The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…
Please answer question 2
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.2 - Name the four genetically regulated flowering...Ch. 40.2 - Define floral determination.Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.7 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 40.8 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.8 - Prob. 3LOCh. 40 - Prob. 1DACh. 40 - Prob. 1IQCh. 40 - Prob. 2IQCh. 40 - Prob. 3IQCh. 40 - Morphogenesis is the development of a. growth...Ch. 40 - Vernalization induces flowering following exposure...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3UCh. 40 - Which of the following is NOT a component of a...Ch. 40 - Megasporcs are produced in a. anthers by mitosis....Ch. 40 - A stamen contains a a. style. b. stigma. c....Ch. 40 - Unlike bee-pollinated flowers, bird-pollinated...Ch. 40 - Prob. 8UCh. 40 - Endosperm is produced by the union of a. a central...Ch. 40 - During the globular stage of embryo development,...Ch. 40 - Which of the following is NOT a primary meristem?...Ch. 40 - Prob. 12UCh. 40 - The shoot tip of an emerging maize seedling is...Ch. 40 - Asexual reproduction is likely to be most common...Ch. 40 - Prob. 15UCh. 40 - Prob. 16UCh. 40 - Prob. 17UCh. 40 - Prob. 1ACh. 40 - Your roommate is taking biology with you this...Ch. 40 - In Iowa, a company called Team Corn works to...Ch. 40 - Prob. 4ACh. 40 - One of the most notable differences between gamete...Ch. 40 - A plant lacking the WOODEN LEG gene will likely a....Ch. 40 - How would plant development change if the...Ch. 40 - Prob. 8ACh. 40 - Loss-of-function mutations in the suspensor gene...Ch. 40 - Prob. 1SCh. 40 - If you live in a north temperate region, explain...Ch. 40 - In wild columbine flower morphology encourages...Ch. 40 - In most part of the world, commercial potato crops...Ch. 40 - Design an experiment to determine whether light or...
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- Please answer question 3arrow_forwardQuestion:- What would be the effect on flowering time of over-expressing VIN3 (i.e., 35S:VIN3) in a winter annual Arabidopsis plant grown adjacent to a summer annual wild type plant in long days under warm conditions? Assume that the plants germinate at the same time. In answering the question, describe the molecular mechanism that allows you to make this conclusion.arrow_forwardSuppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and Cand expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABChypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, startingat the outermost whorl?(A) carpel-petal-petal-carpel(B) petal-petal-stamen-stamen(C) sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal(D) sepal-sepal-carpel-carpelarrow_forward
- GENETICS - Physical characteristics of heredity - Discuss the characteristics observed in ONION ROOT TIP in each mitotic phase.arrow_forwardCan you clearly type the answers to the all the parts to this question please a) What is the role of the LEAFY gene in floral development? (b) What is the phenotype of the leafy mutant? (c) Most of the ABC program genes are directly regulated by the transcription factor LEAFY (LFY). Still, LFY is expressed broadly throughout the floral meristem when the discrete A, B, and C domains are established. Discuss how this single broadly expressed transcription factor can generate distinct domains of ABC gene expression. Feel free to use diagrams.arrow_forwardExplain how (a) the absence of class B gene expression produces the flower structures seen in class B mutants (see Figure 22.15c) and (b) the absence of class C gene expression produces the structures seen in class C mutants (see Figure 22.15d).arrow_forward
- The image below represents a flower meristem viewed from above. At the time the image represents, the cells are undifferentiated, although their eventual fates are determined (e.g. carpels, etc.). The rectangles indicate the regions of the meristem where particular genes (A, B, and C) are expressed. Note that these genes are expressed all around the circumference of the meristem at the location indicated; in other words, gene A is active in all cells in the rings labeled sepal and petals. Interpret the figure by filling in the following table: I've numbered each row to help with writing the answer below. Determined by the activity of which gene(s) - A,B,C? Organ Carpel 1. Stamen 2. Petal 3 Sepal 4 Sepals Petals Stamens Bn Carpelsarrow_forwardThe image below represents a flower meristem viewed from above. At the time the image represents, the cells are undifferentiated, although their eventual fates are determined (e.g. carpels, etc.). The rectangles indicate the regions of the meristem where particular genes (A, B, and C) are expressed. Note that these genes are expressed all around the circumference of the meristem at the location indicated; in other words, gene A is active in all cells in the rings labeled sepal and petals. Sepals Petals Stamens LEnCarpels A close relative of this flower has very large sepals compared to this one. Apply what you know about morphogenesis in plants to make a hypothesis of how gene expression might differ in the relative compared to this plant. Be sure to relate it to the figure above.arrow_forwardThe image below represents a flower meristem viewed from above. At the time the image represents, the cells are undifferentiated, although their eventual fates are determined (e.g. carpels, etc.). The rectangles indicate the regions of the meristem where particular genes (A, B, and C) are expressed. Note that these genes are expressed all around the circumference of the meristem at the location indicated; in other words, gene A is active in all cells in the rings labeled sepal and petals. Sepals Petals Stamens UEn Carpels Explain what cue the floral cells are likely using to determine the cells that will differentiate into the different parts (ie. sepal, petal, etc.) based on the given scenerio.arrow_forward
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