BIOLOGY
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781265624033
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 40, Problem 1TC
Even though some of their functions overlap, why is it advantageous for animals to have both a nervous system and an endocrine system?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The advantages of animals having both a nervous system and an endocrine system.
Introduction:
The glands of endocrine system release their content directly into the blood circulation and regulate other organs of the body. They have no ducts. Thus, they are called as the ductless glands. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland and adrenal gland are some of its examples. The nervous system is a network of nerve cells that transmits nerve impulses between the brain and spinal cord to the different body parts.
Explanation of Solution
Humans have a complex physiological system and thus require a various way to control and coordinate the body functions. Also the human body should respond appropriately to various internal stimuli which influence the functioning of both nervous system and endocrine system.
The control of internal organs is due to both the nervous system and the endocrine system. They are involved in the subconscious control of the brain. The brain receives sensory signals from internal organs and controls the activity of muscles and endocrine system releases hormones by signals sent by the brain that regulate the metabolism, growth and development of the body.
Both systems use subconscious control of internal environment which is done by the reflex action that involves hypothalamus and medulla oblongata.
Conclusion
The brain receives sensory signals and controls the activity of muscles and endocrine system releases hormones that regulate the metabolism, growth and development of the body.
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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions
SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution, report your regression lines and axes names (with units if appropriate) :Calculate a-q
a) B1,
b) B2,
c) hybrid rate constant (1)
d) hybrid rate constant (2)
e) t1/2,dist
f) t1/2,elim
g) k10
h) k12
i) k21
j) initial concentration (C0)
k) central compartment volume (V1)
l) steady-state volume (Vss)
m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule
n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule
o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞)
p) total AUC (using short cut method)
q) volume from AUC (VAUC)
Glitazones reduce insulin resistance by binding to a transcription factor in adipocytes, thereby reducing thesecretion of fatty acids. Glitazones are taken orally (in pill form). Using pharmacokinetic modeling, deriveequations to describe how the concentration of glitazones varies in the plasma as a function of time. Yourequations should be of the form: dCglitazone /dt = something, or dMglitazone /dt = something. Your model shouldinclude three compartments: the gut, the plasma, and the fatty tissues. Make sure to include a diagram thatillustrates your thinking, state all assumptions, and define your variables. Do not solve the equations.
Case Study—Ella
Review the case study and then answer Parts A through F.
Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch.
Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen)
Breads
Spreads
Cheeses
Vegetables
Proteins
Specific food items to select
White Bread 6-inches
Honey Mustard
Provolone
LettuceTomatoBell Peppers
Turkey
Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories
How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich?
_____…
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