The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity. Concept introduction: The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

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Answer 5

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

Answer 6

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.

Conclusion

The second and third line of defense mechanisms acts together in effective elimination of pathogens.

Answer 7

Chapter 40, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The effects of an immune system with attention to various types of immunity.

Concept introduction:

The immunology is a branch of science that deals and studies the immune system of the body. The immune system helps to protect against invading pathogens as well as to eliminate whatever that are regarded as foreign to the body.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The immune system of the body is separated into non-specific and specific immunity. The non-specific are further divided into first-line defense and second line defense. The specific immunity is considered to be the third line of defense.

The first line of defense: the first line of defense is also called as innate immunity, otherwise called as acquired by birth. The first line of defense is skin, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, sweat, oily layer under the skin, and mucosa. They are also called as physical barriers and they non-specifically stop invading pathogens.

The second line of defense: the second line of defense in particular than the innate immunity since the second line of defense is compromised by cells to destroy the pathogens. They eliminate the pathogens that crossed the physical barriers or pathogens in the bloodstream. The second line of defense is macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

The third line of defense: these are more sophisticated cells that effectively seek and eliminate the microbes. These cells possess memory that effectively and quickly kills the pathogens if they encountered it before. They also produce antibodies to neutralize the virus, moreover they also eliminated the infected host cell. The third line of defense has T-cells and B-cells.