Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133594140
Author: James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem R1RQ
Let’s review some of the terminology used in this textbook. Recall that the name of a transport-layer packet is segment and that the name of a link-layer packet is frame. What is the name of a network-layer packet? Recall that both routers and link-layer switches are called packet switches. What is the fundamental difference between a router and link-layer switch?
Expert Solution & Answer
Program Plan Intro
Link Layer:
Link layer is the aggregation of procedures and protocols used in a link to share the data between the nodes. It includes mainly three functions namely, detection of transmission errors, regulation of data flow and provides well-structured interface.
Explanation of Solution
Description of network layer packet:
- Network layer is provides the path in which the data packets are transferred from the source to the destination.
- It also helps in converting the logical or Internet Protocol (IP) address to physical or Media Access Control (MAC) address.
- The packet related to network layer can be termed as datagram.
Differences between router and link layer switch:
| Router | Link layer switch |
|
The router process in the internet protocol is done by network layer, link layer and physical layer. In latest routers, transport layer is also included. |
The link layer switch process is done using data link layer and physical layer. |
| A router transmits the data packet using IP layer address. | A link layer transmits the data frames using MAC layer address. |
| In router, the data in transmitted in the form of packets or data packets. | In link layer switch, the data is transmitted in the form of frames or data frames. |
| It is used in Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). | It is used in LANs only. |
| In this, the data is transmitted in full duplex mode. | In this, the data is transmitted in both full duplex and half duplex modes. |
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EXPLORER
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com.py...
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2
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com.py
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com.py
db
class Rectangle:
def _init_(self, length, width):
self.length-length
self.width-width
def area(self):
return
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def perimeter(self):
return
2+self.width*self.length
y=Rectangle(5,1)
print(y.area)
Why does an error appear in the
code
print(y.perimeter)
PROBLEMS
OUTPUT
TERMINAL
DEBUG CONSOLE
PORTS
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> TIMELINE
0A4 0
self.width *self.length
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NameError: name 'self' is not defined
PS C:\Users\hp\Desktop\db> & C:/Users/hp/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps/python3.12.exe c:/Users/hp/Desktop/db/com.py
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File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 1, in
class Rectangle:
File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 7, in Rectangle
self.width *self.length
^^^^^
NameError: name 'self' is not defined
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Ln 17, Col 1 Spaces: 4 UTF-8 CRLF (Python 3
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ENG
Refer to page 30 for problems on image edge detection.
Instructions:
Implement an edge detection algorithm (e.g., Sobel or Canny) for the given image.
• Explain the preprocessing steps (grayscale conversion, noise reduction) and calculate gradient
intensities.
• Visualize and compare the results with manual edge annotations.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZ F/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 100 for problems on 2D and 3D transformations.
Instructions:
Compute the result of applying a sequence of transformations (e.g., translation, rotation, scaling)
to a given shape.
Use homogeneous coordinates for matrix representation.
• Show all intermediate matrices and verify the final position of the shape.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Chapter 4 Solutions
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Lets review some of the terminology used in this...Ch. 4 - Prob. R2RQCh. 4 - Prob. R3RQCh. 4 - Prob. R4RQCh. 4 - Prob. R5RQCh. 4 - Prob. R6RQCh. 4 - Prob. R7RQCh. 4 - Prob. R8RQCh. 4 - Prob. R9RQCh. 4 - Prob. R10RQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. R11RQCh. 4 - Prob. R12RQCh. 4 - Prob. R13RQCh. 4 - Prob. R14RQCh. 4 - Prob. R15RQCh. 4 - Prob. R16RQCh. 4 - Prob. R17RQCh. 4 - Prob. R18RQCh. 4 - Prob. R19RQCh. 4 - Prob. R20RQCh. 4 - Prob. R21RQCh. 4 - Prob. R22RQCh. 4 - Prob. R23RQCh. 4 - Prob. R24RQCh. 4 - Prob. R25RQCh. 4 - Prob. R26RQCh. 4 - Prob. R27RQCh. 4 - Prob. R28RQCh. 4 - Prob. R29RQCh. 4 - Prob. R30RQCh. 4 - Prob. R31RQCh. 4 - Prob. R32RQCh. 4 - Prob. R33RQCh. 4 - Prob. R34RQCh. 4 - Prob. R35RQCh. 4 - Prob. P1PCh. 4 - Prob. P2PCh. 4 - Prob. P3PCh. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host...Ch. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 8-bit host...Ch. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 8-bit host...Ch. 4 - Prob. P8PCh. 4 - Prob. P9PCh. 4 - Prob. P10PCh. 4 - Prob. P11PCh. 4 - Prob. P12PCh. 4 - Consider sending a 2400-byte datagram into a link...Ch. 4 - Prob. P15PCh. 4 - Prob. P16PCh. 4 - Prob. P17PCh. 4 - Prob. P18PCh. 4 - Prob. P19PCh. 4 - Prob. P20PCh. 4 - Prob. P21PCh. 4 - Prob. P22P
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