Chapter 4, Problem R17RQ

Program Plan Intro

Host:

• A host is a computer system or any device connected to other system or device in a network to exchange the data.
• A network host provides required information or data resources, services, applications and many others to other users present in the network.
• It can be a network node related to the network address.

Internet Protocol:

Internet protocol is a process or protocol in which data is transferred between the computer systems through internet. Each computer system has its own IP address to send or receive the required data. It consists of five different layers namely, application layer, transport layer, network layer, link layer and physical layer.

Datagram:

• In networking, a datagram is a transferring unit which is used to transfer the data from a source to the destination and it doesn’t provide guaranteed service.
• It includes fragmentation process which is defined as the division of the data packet into small one when the data packets are larger than the maximum length of a particular system.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

• TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.
• When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.
• If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.
• If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

• User datagram protocol is a connectionless protocol.
• The protocols used in UDP cannot establish the connection for data communication.
• It is one of the communication protocol suites used for transferring small messages termed as datagram.
• Alternative for TCP is UDP, but the data transfer speed of UDP is higher than TCP because there is no acknowledgment and error-checking.
• Checksum and port number are the two services provided by the UDP.
• There is no guarantee for data delivery and duplication of data.
• It doesn’t provide a reliable service.

Network Layer:

Network layer is provides the path in which the data packets are transferred from the source to the destination. It also helps in converting the logical or IP address to physical or Media Access Control (MAC) address.