Chapter 4, Problem 66E

To determine

a)

To find:

The meaning of $q^1+q^2+\mathrm{...}+q^N$.

To determine

b)

To find:

The meaning of $\frac{p^1+p^2+\mathrm{....}+p^N}{q^1+q^2+\mathrm{...}+q^N}$.

To determine

c)

To find:

The meaning of $\left(\frac{p^N}{p^1+p^2+\mathrm{...}+p^N}\right)\times 100$.