(a) Interpretation: The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for malic acid needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn considering the arrangement if atoms in a molecule. The total number of valence electrons needs to be calculated first. The distribution of electrons takes place in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets. The lone pair of electrons or electrons not involved in the bonding are placed on the symbol of the atoms. The bonding electrons are represented by line or bond between the two atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular shape of the atoms A to C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The shape of the molecule around an atom can be determined from the VSEPR theory. According to this theory, the shape of the molecule depends on its geometry and number of lone pair of electrons around an atom.

The geometry of a molecule depends on its hybridization as follows:

Lone pairs Bond pairs Molecular geometry Shape
0 2 Linear Linear
0 3 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar
1 2 Trigonal planar Bent
0 4 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
1 3 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Tetrahedral Bent

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how a hydrogen...Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how two chlorine...Ch. 4.1 - How many covalent bonds are predicted for each...Ch. 4.1 - Fill in the lone pairs on each atom to give every...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for each covalent molecule....Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for dimethyl ether (C2H6O)...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4PP Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the Lewis structure for malic acid is drawn considering the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Lone pairs	Bond pairs	Molecular geometry	Shape
0	2	Linear	Linear
0	3	Trigonal planar	Trigonal planar
1	2	Trigonal planar	Bent
0	4	Tetrahedral	Tetrahedral
1	3	Tetrahedral	Trigonal pyramidal
2	2	Tetrahedral	Bent