Contemporary Abstract Algebra
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305657960
Author: Joseph Gallian
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 51E
To determine
To calculate:Whether the group
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You are given a plane Π in R3 defined by two vectors, p1 and p2, and a subspace W in R3 spanned by twovectors, w1 and w2. Your task is to project the plane Π onto the subspace W.First, answer the question of what the projection matrix is that projects onto the subspace W and how toapply it to find the desired projection. Second, approach the task in a different way by using the Gram-Schmidtmethod to find an orthonormal basis for subspace W, before then using the resulting basis vectors for theprojection. Last, compare the results obtained from both methods
Chapter 4 Solutions
Contemporary Abstract Algebra
Ch. 4 - Find all generators of Z6,Z8,andZ20 .Ch. 4 - Suppose that a,b,andc are cyclic groups of orders...Ch. 4 - List the elements of the subgroups 20and10inZ30 ....Ch. 4 - List the elements of the subgroups 3and15inZ18 ....Ch. 4 - List the elements of the subgroups 3and7inU(20) .Ch. 4 - What do Exercises 3, 4, and 5 have in common? Try...Ch. 4 - Find an example of a noncyclic group, all of whose...Ch. 4 - Let a be an element of a group and let a=15 ....Ch. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - In Z24 , list all generators for the subgroup of...
Ch. 4 - Let G be a group and let aG . Prove that a1=a .Ch. 4 - In Z, find all generators of the subgroup 3 . If a...Ch. 4 - In Z24 , find a generator for 2110 . Suppose that...Ch. 4 - Suppose that a cyclic group G has exactly three...Ch. 4 - Let G be an Abelian group and let H=gG||g divides...Ch. 4 - Complete the statement: a|=|a2 if and only if |a|...Ch. 4 - Complete the statement: a2|=|a12 if and only if ....Ch. 4 - Let a be a group element and a= . Complete the...Ch. 4 - If a cyclic group has an element of infinite...Ch. 4 - Suppose that G is an Abelian group of order 35 and...Ch. 4 - Let G be a group and let a be an element of G. a....Ch. 4 - Prove that a group of order 3 must be cyclic.Ch. 4 - Let Z denote the group of integers under addition....Ch. 4 - For any element a in any group G, prove that a is...Ch. 4 - If d is a positive integer, d2 , and d divides n,...Ch. 4 - Find all generators of Z. Let a be a group element...Ch. 4 - Prove that C*, the group of nonzero complex...Ch. 4 - Let a be a group element that has infinite order....Ch. 4 - List all the elements of order 8 in Z8000000 . How...Ch. 4 - Suppose that G is a group with more than one...Ch. 4 - Let G be a finite group. Show that there exists a...Ch. 4 - Determine the subgroup lattice for Z12 ....Ch. 4 - Determine the subgroup lattice for Z8 . Generalize...Ch. 4 - Prove that a finite group is the union of proper...Ch. 4 - Show that the group of positive rational numbers...Ch. 4 - Consider the set {4, 8, 12, 16}. Show that this...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a group that has exactly 6...Ch. 4 - Let m and n be elements of the group Z. Find a...Ch. 4 - Suppose that a andb are group elements that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 40ECh. 4 - Prob. 41ECh. 4 - Let F and F’be distinct reflections in D21 . What...Ch. 4 - Suppose that H is a subgroup of a group G and H=10...Ch. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - If G is an infinite group, what can you say about...Ch. 4 - If G is a cyclic group of order n, prove that for...Ch. 4 - For each positive integer n, prove that C*, the...Ch. 4 - Prove or disprove that H=nZn is divisible by both...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49ECh. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - Prob. 52ECh. 4 - Prob. 53ECh. 4 - Prob. 54ECh. 4 - Prob. 55ECh. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prove that no group can have exactly two elements...Ch. 4 - Given the fact that U(49) is cyclic and has 42...Ch. 4 - Let a andb be elements of a group. If a=10andb=21...Ch. 4 - Let a andb belong to a group. If |a| and |b| are...Ch. 4 - Let a andb belong to a group. If a=24andb=10 ,...Ch. 4 - Prove that U(2n)(n3) is not cyclic.Ch. 4 - Prove that for any prime p and positive integer...Ch. 4 - Prove that Zn has an even number of generators if...Ch. 4 - If a5=12 , what are the possibilities for |a|? If...Ch. 4 - Suppose that x=n . Find a necessary and sufficient...Ch. 4 - Let a be a group element such that a=48 . For each...Ch. 4 - Prove that H={[1n01]|nZ} is a cyclic subgroup of...Ch. 4 - Suppose that |a| and |b| are elements of a group...Ch. 4 - Let a andb belong to a group. If a=12,b=22,andabe...Ch. 4 - Determine (81),(60)and(105) where is the Euler...Ch. 4 - If n is an even integer prove that (2n)=2(n) .Ch. 4 - Let a andb belong to some group. Suppose that...Ch. 4 - For every integer n greater than 2, prove that the...Ch. 4 - (2008 GRE Practice Exam) If x is an element of a...
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- Plane II is spanned by the vectors: - (2) · P² - (4) P1=2 P21 3 Subspace W is spanned by the vectors: 2 W1 - (9) · 1 W2 1 = (³)arrow_forwardshow that v3 = (−√3, −3, 3)⊤ is an eigenvector of M3 . Also here find the correspondingeigenvalue λ3 . Just from looking at M3 and its components, can you say something about the remaining twoeigenvalues? If so, what would you say? find v42 so that v4 = ( 2/5, v42, 1)⊤ is an eigenvector of M4 with corresp. eigenvalue λ4 = 45arrow_forwardChapter 4 Quiz 2 As always, show your work. 1) FindΘgivencscΘ=1.045. 2) Find Θ given sec Θ = 4.213. 3) Find Θ given cot Θ = 0.579. Solve the following three right triangles. B 21.0 34.6° ca 52.5 4)c 26° 5) A b 6) B 84.0 a 42° barrow_forward
- Q1: A: Let M and N be two subspace of finite dimension linear space X, show that if M = N then dim M = dim N but the converse need not to be true. B: Let A and B two balanced subsets of a linear space X, show that whether An B and AUB are balanced sets or nor. Q2: Answer only two A:Let M be a subset of a linear space X, show that M is a hyperplane of X iff there exists ƒ€ X'/{0} and a € F such that M = (x = x/f&x) = x}. fe B:Show that every two norms on finite dimension linear space are equivalent C: Let f be a linear function from a normed space X in to a normed space Y, show that continuous at x, E X iff for any sequence (x) in X converge to Xo then the sequence (f(x)) converge to (f(x)) in Y. Q3: A:Let M be a closed subspace of a normed space X, constract a linear space X/M as normed space B: Let A be a finite dimension subspace of a Banach space X, show that A is closed. C: Show that every finite dimension normed space is Banach space.arrow_forward• Plane II is spanned by the vectors: P12 P2 = 1 • Subspace W is spanned by the vectors: W₁ = -- () · 2 1 W2 = 0arrow_forwardThree streams - Stream A, Stream B, and Stream C - flow into a lake. The flow rates of these streams are not yet known and thus to be found. The combined water inflow from the streams is 300 m³/h. The rate of Stream A is three times the combined rates of Stream B and Stream C. The rate of Stream B is 50 m³/h less than half of the difference between the rates of Stream A and Stream C. Find the flow rates of the three streams by setting up an equation system Ax = b and solving it for x. Provide the values of A and b. Assuming that you get to an upper-triangular matrix U using an elimination matrix E such that U = E A, provide also the components of E.arrow_forward
- dent Application X GA spinner is divided into five cox | + 9/26583471/4081d162951bfdf39e254aa2151384b7 A spinner is divided into five colored sections that are not of equal size: red, blue, green, yellow, and purple. The spinner is spun several times, and the results are recorded below: Spinner Results Color Frequency Red 5 Blue 11 Green 18 Yellow 5 Purple 7 Based on these results, express the probability that the next spin will land on purple as a fraction in simplest form. Answer Attempt 1 out of 2 Submit Answer 0 Feb 12 10:11 Oarrow_forward2 5x + 2–49 2 x+10x+21arrow_forward5x 2x+y+ 3x + 3y 4 6arrow_forward
- Calculați (a-2023×b)²⁰²⁴arrow_forwardA student completed the problem below. Identify whether the student was correct or incorrect. Explain your reasoning. (identification 1 point; explanation 1 point) 4x 3x (x+7)(x+5)(x+7)(x-3) 4x (x-3) (x+7)(x+5) (x03) 3x (x+5) (x+7) (x-3)(x+5) 4x²-12x-3x²-15x (x+7) (x+5) (x-3) 2 × - 27x (x+7)(x+5) (x-3)arrow_forward2 Add the rational expressions below. Can you add them in this original form? Explain why or why not. 3x-7 5x + x² - 7x+12 4x-12 Show all steps. State your least common denominator and explain in words your process on how you determined your least common denominator. Be sure to state your claim, provide your evidence, and provide your reasoning before submitting.arrow_forward
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