MICROECONOMICS
MICROECONOMICS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781266686764
Author: Colander
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4, Problem 4QAP
To determine

Supply and demand conditions that explain outcomes.

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Some have argued that higher cigarette prices do not deter smoking. While there are many arguments both for and against this view, some find the following argument to be the most persuasive of all: “The laws of supply and demand indicate that higher prices are ineffective in reducing smoking. In particular, higher cigarette prices will reduce the demand for cigarettes. This reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price back down to its original level. Since the equilibrium price will remain unchanged, smokers will consume the same number of cigarettes.”Do you agree or disagree with this view? Disagree - the reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price below its original level. Disagree - this confuses a change in demand with a change in quantity demanded. Agree - the price increase will ultimately leave cigarette consumption unchanged. Disagree - higher cigarette prices will actually increase the demand for cigarettes.
Suppose one of your friends offered the following argument: a rightward shift in demand will cause an increase in price. The increase in price will cause a rightward shift of the supply curve, which will lead to an offsetting decrease in price. Therefore, it is impossible to tell what effect an increase in demand will have on price. Do you agree with your friend? If not, what is the flaw in your friend’s reasoning?
More than 20 states have laws outlawing price gouging during a state of emergency, which might be declared after a hurricane or an earthquake. These laws prohibit price increases on basic necessities, such as gasoline. Which of the arguments against price ceilings might not be significant during a state of emergency? It might be the case that during an emergency, consumers have little concern over the quality of a good that is available. It might be the case that during an emergency, consumers have little concern over the quantity of a good that is available. It might be the case that during an emergency, consumers have lttle concern over the price of a good that is available It might be the case that during an emergency, consumers have little concern over the location of a good that is available.
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