Introductory Combinatorics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134689616
Author: Brualdi, Richard A.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4E
To determine
To prove: the result that the directions of 1 and 2 never change in the algorithm of Section 4.1, which generates directly the permutations of
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3. Bayesian Inference – Updating Beliefs
A medical test for a rare disease has the following characteristics:
Sensitivity (true positive rate): 99%
Specificity (true negative rate): 98%
The disease occurs in 0.5% of the population.
A patient receives a positive test result.
Questions:
a) Define the relevant events and use Bayes’ Theorem to compute the probability that the patient actually has the disease.b) Explain why the result might seem counterintuitive, despite the high sensitivity and specificity.c) Discuss how prior probabilities influence posterior beliefs in Bayesian inference.d) Suppose a second, independent test with the same accuracy is conducted and is also positive. Update the probability that the patient has the disease.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introductory Combinatorics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Determine the mobile integers in
.
Ch. 4 - Use the algorithm of Section 4.1 to generate the...Ch. 4 - Prove that in the algorithm of Section 4.1, which...Ch. 4 - Let i1i2 … in be a permutation of {1, 2, …, n}...Ch. 4 - Determine the inversion sequences of the following...Ch. 4 - Construct the permutations of {1, 2, …,8} whose...Ch. 4 - How many permutations of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}...Ch. 4 - Show that the largest number of inversions of a...Ch. 4 - Bring the permutations 256143 and 436251 to 123456...
Ch. 4 - Let S = {x7, x6,…, x1, x0}. Determine the 8-tuples...Ch. 4 - Let S = {x7, x6,…, x1, x0}. Determine the subsets...Ch. 4 - Generate the 5-tuples of 0s and 1s by using the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - For each of the following subsets of {x7, x6, …,...Ch. 4 - For each of the subsets (a), (b), (c), and (d) in...Ch. 4 - Which subset of {x7, x6, … , x1, x0} is 150th on...Ch. 4 - Build (the corners and edges of) the 4-cube, and...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a noncyclic Gray code of order...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Construct the reflected Gray code of order 5...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Determine the immediate successors of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Determine the 7-subset of {1, 2, … , 15} that...Ch. 4 - Generate the inversion sequences of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31ECh. 4 - Generate the 4-permutations of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...Ch. 4 - In which position does the subset 2489 occur in...Ch. 4 - Consider the r-subsets of {1, 2, …, n} in...Ch. 4 - The complement of an r-subset A of {1, 2, … , n}...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Let R′ and R″ be two partial orders on a set X....Ch. 4 - Let (X1, ≤1) and (X2, ≤2) be partially ordered...Ch. 4 - Let (J, ≤) be the partially ordered set with J =...Ch. 4 - Prob. 40ECh. 4 - Show that a partial order on a finite set is...Ch. 4 - Describe the cover relation for the partial order...Ch. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - Let m be a positive integer and define a relation...Ch. 4 - Consider the partial order ≤ on the set X of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Let n be a positive integer, and let Xn be the set...Ch. 4 - Verify that a binary n-tuple an − 1, ⋯ ,a1a0 is in...Ch. 4 - Continuing with Exercise 52, show that can be...Ch. 4 - Let (X, ≤) be a finite partially ordered set. By...Ch. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 59E
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