Introductory Combinatorics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134689616
Author: Brualdi, Richard A.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 4, Problem 31E
To determine
To generate: The 3-permutations of
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For each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod k, let
A(n) = x(d) and F(x) = Σ
:
dn
* Prove that
F(x) = L(1,x) log x + O(1).
n
By considering appropriate series expansions,
e². e²²/2. e²³/3.
....
=
= 1 + x + x² + ·
...
when |x| < 1.
By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side
the coefficient of x- 19 has the form
and multiplying out,
1/19!1/19+r/s,
where 19 does not divide s. Deduce that
18! 1 (mod 19).
Proof: LN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯LN¯ divides quadrilateral KLMN into two triangles. The sum of the angle measures in each triangle is ˚, so the sum of the angle measures for both triangles is ˚. So, m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=˚. Because ∠K≅∠M∠K≅∠M and ∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M and m∠N=m∠Lm∠N=m∠L by the definition of congruence. By the Substitution Property of Equality, m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=°,°, so (m∠K)+ m∠K+ (m∠L)= m∠L= ˚. Dividing each side by gives m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L= °.°. The consecutive angles are supplementary, so KN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥LM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KN¯∥LM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Likewise, (m∠K)+m∠K+ (m∠N)=m∠N= ˚, or m∠K+m∠N=m∠K+m∠N= ˚. So these consecutive angles are supplementary and KL⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥NM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KL¯∥NM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Opposite sides are parallel, so quadrilateral KLMN is a parallelogram.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introductory Combinatorics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Determine the mobile integers in
.
Ch. 4 - Use the algorithm of Section 4.1 to generate the...Ch. 4 - Prove that in the algorithm of Section 4.1, which...Ch. 4 - Let i1i2 … in be a permutation of {1, 2, …, n}...Ch. 4 - Determine the inversion sequences of the following...Ch. 4 - Construct the permutations of {1, 2, …,8} whose...Ch. 4 - How many permutations of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}...Ch. 4 - Show that the largest number of inversions of a...Ch. 4 - Bring the permutations 256143 and 436251 to 123456...
Ch. 4 - Let S = {x7, x6,…, x1, x0}. Determine the 8-tuples...Ch. 4 - Let S = {x7, x6,…, x1, x0}. Determine the subsets...Ch. 4 - Generate the 5-tuples of 0s and 1s by using the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - For each of the following subsets of {x7, x6, …,...Ch. 4 - For each of the subsets (a), (b), (c), and (d) in...Ch. 4 - Which subset of {x7, x6, … , x1, x0} is 150th on...Ch. 4 - Build (the corners and edges of) the 4-cube, and...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a noncyclic Gray code of order...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Construct the reflected Gray code of order 5...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Determine the immediate successors of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Determine the 7-subset of {1, 2, … , 15} that...Ch. 4 - Generate the inversion sequences of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31ECh. 4 - Generate the 4-permutations of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...Ch. 4 - In which position does the subset 2489 occur in...Ch. 4 - Consider the r-subsets of {1, 2, …, n} in...Ch. 4 - The complement of an r-subset A of {1, 2, … , n}...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Let R′ and R″ be two partial orders on a set X....Ch. 4 - Let (X1, ≤1) and (X2, ≤2) be partially ordered...Ch. 4 - Let (J, ≤) be the partially ordered set with J =...Ch. 4 - Prob. 40ECh. 4 - Show that a partial order on a finite set is...Ch. 4 - Describe the cover relation for the partial order...Ch. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - Let m be a positive integer and define a relation...Ch. 4 - Consider the partial order ≤ on the set X of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Let n be a positive integer, and let Xn be the set...Ch. 4 - Verify that a binary n-tuple an − 1, ⋯ ,a1a0 is in...Ch. 4 - Continuing with Exercise 52, show that can be...Ch. 4 - Let (X, ≤) be a finite partially ordered set. By...Ch. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 59E
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- By considering appropriate series expansions, ex · ex²/2 . ¸²³/³ . . .. = = 1 + x + x² +…… when |x| < 1. By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side and multiplying out, show that the coefficient of x 19 has the form 1/19!+1/19+r/s, where 19 does not divide s.arrow_forwardLet 1 1 r 1+ + + 2 3 + = 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, prove that r = s (mod 823³).arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character X mod 16, verify that L(1,x) 0.arrow_forward
- *Construct a table of values for all the nonprincipal Dirichlet characters mod 16. Verify from your table that Σ x(3)=0 and Χ mod 16 Σ χ(11) = 0. x mod 16arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod 16, verify that A(225) > 1. (Recall that A(n) = Σx(d).) d\narrow_forward24. Prove the following multiplicative property of the gcd: a k b h (ah, bk) = (a, b)(h, k)| \(a, b)' (h, k) \(a, b)' (h, k) In particular this shows that (ah, bk) = (a, k)(b, h) whenever (a, b) = (h, k) = 1.arrow_forward
- 20. Let d = (826, 1890). Use the Euclidean algorithm to compute d, then express d as a linear combination of 826 and 1890.arrow_forwardLet 1 1+ + + + 2 3 1 r 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, Find one solution of the polynomial congruence 3x²+2x+100 = 0 (mod 343). Ts (mod 8233).arrow_forwardBy considering appropriate series expansions, prove that ez · e²²/2 . e²³/3 . ... = 1 + x + x² + · ·. when <1.arrow_forward
- Prove that Σ prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) 1 Р = for some constant A. log log x + A+O 1 log x ,arrow_forwardLet Σ 1 and g(x) = Σ logp. f(x) = prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) g(x) = f(x) logx - Ր _☑ t¯¹ƒ(t) dt. Assuming that f(x) ~ 1½π(x), prove that g(x) ~ 1x. 米 (You may assume the Prime Number Theorem: 7(x) ~ x/log x.) *arrow_forwardLet Σ logp. f(x) = Σ 1 and g(x) = Σ prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) (i) Find ƒ(40) and g(40). prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) (ii) Prove that g(x) = f(x) logx – [*t^¹ƒ(t) dt. 2arrow_forward
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