Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fourth Edition)
Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393124187
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster, Geoffrey Davies
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.60QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation for the given reactions is to be stated.

Concept introduction: A balanced chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass for a closed system. According to this law, the mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants involved in the reaction.

In net ionic equations the same ions that are present on both the sides of reaction are cancelled out.

To determine: The overall ionic and net ionic equation for the given reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.60QP

Solution

The balanced reaction between HBr and Al(OH)3 is,

Al(OH)3(s)+3HBr(aq)AlBr3(aq)+3H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is,

Al(OH)3(s)+H+(aq)Al3+(aq)+3H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

When an acid reacts with a base it forms a salt and water and this type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction.

According to the solubility rules, aluminum hydroxide act as a weak electrolyte as it is insoluble in water and only some ions go into solution.

The complete reaction between HBr and Al(OH)3 is,

Al(OH)3(s)+HBr(aq)AlBr3(aq)+H2O(l)

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants that take part in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products formed in the reaction.

In the given reaction, the number of aluminum present on the reactant side is equal to their number on the product side. The number of bromine, oxygen and hydrogen atom present on the reactant side is not equal to their number on the product side. The coefficient 3 is added to HBr present on reactant side and coefficient 3 is added to H2O present on product side. This balances the number of bromine, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on either side of the reaction.

The balanced reaction between HBr and Al(OH)3 is,

Al(OH)3(s)+3HBr(aq)AlBr3(aq)+3H2O(l)

The dissociation reaction of HBr is,

HBr(aq)H+(aq)+Br(aq)

In overall ionic reaction all the ions that are taking part in a reaction is represented in an equation.

Therefore, the overall ionic reaction is,

Al(OH)3(s)+H+(aq)+Br(aq)Al3+(aq)+3Br(aq)+3H2O(l)

The ions that are present on both sides of the reaction are called spectator ions and are omitted from the reaction to represents the actual reactants and product.

Hence, the net ionic equation is,

Al(OH)3(s)+H+(aq)Al3+(aq)+3H2O(l)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The overall ionic and net ionic equation for the given reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.60QP

Solution

The balanced reaction between H2SO4 and Na2CO3 is,

H2SO4(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2CO3(aq)

The net ionic equation is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+CO32(aq)SO42(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

When an acid reacts with a base it forms a salt and water and this type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction.

The complete reaction between H2SO4 and Na2CO3 is,

H2SO4(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2CO3(aq)

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants that take part in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products formed in the reaction.

In the given reaction, the number of sodium, sulphur, carbon, hydrogen and chlorine atoms present on the reactant side is equal to their number on the product side. Therefore the above reaction is a balanced reaction.

The complete reaction between H2SO4 and Na2CO3 is,

H2SO4(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2CO3(aq)

In overall ionic reaction all the ions that are taking part in a reaction is represented in an equation.

The first dissociation reaction of H2SO4 is,

H2SO4(aq)H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)

The second dissociation reaction of H2SO4 is,

HSO4(aq)H+(aq)+SO42(aq)

The dissociation of carbonic acid is,

H2CO3H2O(l)+CO2(aq)

Therefore, the overall ionic reaction is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+2Na++CO32(aq)2Na+(aq)+SO42(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)

The ions that are present on both sides of the reaction are called spectator ions and are omitted from the reaction to represents the actual reactants and product.

Hence, the net ionic equation is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+CO32(aq)SO42(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The overall ionic and net ionic equation for the given reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.60QP

Solution

The balanced reaction between HNO3 and Ca(OH)2 is,

HNO3(aq)+2Ca(OH)2(aq)Ca(NO3)2(aq)+2H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is,

2H+(aq)+2OH(aq)2H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

When an acid reacts with a base it forms a salt and water and this type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction.

According to the solubility rules, calcium hydroxide act as a weak electrolyte as it is insoluble in water and only some ions go into solution

The complete reaction between HNO3 and Ca(OH)2 is,

HNO3(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Ca(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants that take part in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products formed in the reaction.

In the given reaction, the number of calcium present on the reactant side is equal to their number on the product side. The number of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen atom present on the reactant side is not equal to their number on the product side. The coefficient 2 is added to HNO3 present on reactant side and coefficient 2 is added to H2O present on product side. This balances the number of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on either side of the reaction.

The balanced reaction between HNO3 and Ca(OH)2 is,

HNO3(aq)+2Ca(OH)2(aq)Ca(NO3)2(aq)+2H2O(l)

Therefore, the overall ionic reaction is,

2H+(aq)+2NO3(aq)+Ca2+(aq)+2OH(aq)Ca2++2NO3(aq)+2H2O(l)

The ions that are present on both sides of the reaction are called spectator ions and are omitted from the reaction to represents the actual reactants and product.

Hence, the net ionic equation is,

2H+(aq)+2OH(aq)2H2O(l)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The overall ionic and net ionic equation for the given reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.60QP

Solution

The balanced between H2SO4 and KOH is,

H2SO4(aq)+KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+2OH(aq)SO42(aq)+2H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

When an acid reacts with a base it forms a salt and water and this type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction.

The complete reaction between H2O and K2O is,

K2O(s)+H2O(l)2KOH(aq)

The reaction between H2SO4 and KOH is,

H2SO4(aq)+KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants that take part in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products formed in the reaction.

In the given reaction, the number of sulphur atoms present on the reactant side is equal to their number on the product side. The number of hydrogen, oxygen and potassium atom present on the reactant side is not equal to their number on the product side. The coefficient 2 is added to KOH present on reactant side and coefficient 2 is added to H2O present on the product side. This balances the number of potassium, oxygen, and hydrogen atom on either side of the reaction.

The balanced between H2SO4 and KOH is,

H2SO4(aq)+2KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)

In overall ionic reaction all the ions that are taking part in a reaction is represented in an equation.

The first dissociation reaction of H2SO4 is,

H2SO4(aq)H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)

The second dissociation reaction of H2SO4 is,

HSO4(aq)H+(aq)+SO42(aq)

The dissociation reaction of KOH is,

KOH(aq)K+(aq)+OH(aq)

Therefore, the overall ionic reaction is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+2K++2OH(aq)2K+(aq)+SO42(aq)+2H2O(l)

The ions that are present on both sides of the reaction are called spectator ions and are omitted from the reaction to represents the actual reactants and product.

Hence, the net ionic equation is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+2OH(aq)SO42(aq)+2H2O(l)

Conclusion

The balanced reaction between HBr and Al(OH)3 is,

Al(OH)3(s)+3HBr(aq)AlBr3(aq)+3H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is,

Al(OH)3(s)+H+(aq)Al3+(aq)+3H2O(l)

The balanced reaction between H2SO4 and Na2CO3 is,

H2SO4(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2CO3(aq)

The net ionic equation is,

H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+CO32(aq)SO42(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)

The balanced reaction between HNO3 and Ca(OH)2 is,

HNO3(aq)+2Ca(OH)2(aq)Ca(NO3)2(aq)+2H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is,

2H+(aq)+2OH(aq)2H2O(l)

The balanced between H2SO4 and KOH is,

H2SO4(aq)+KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)

The net ionic equation is, H+(aq)+HSO4(aq)+2OH(aq)SO42(aq)+2H2O(l)

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fourth Edition)

Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 11PECh. 4.7 - Prob. 12PECh. 4.7 - Prob. 13PECh. 4.7 - Prob. 14PECh. 4.7 - Prob. 15PECh. 4.9 - Prob. 16PECh. 4.9 - Prob. 17PECh. 4 - Prob. 4.1VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.52QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.60QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.63QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.64QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.77QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.78QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.79QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.83QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.86QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.87QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.88QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.89QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.90QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.91QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.92QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.93QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.94QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.95QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.96QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.97QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.98QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.100QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.101QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.102QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.103QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.105QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.106QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.107QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.108QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.109QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.110QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.111QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.112QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.113QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.114QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.115QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.116QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.117QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.118QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.119QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.122APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.123APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.124APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.125APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.126APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.127APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.128APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.129APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.130APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.131APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.132APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.133APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.134APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.135APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.136APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.137APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.138APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.139APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.140APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.141APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.142APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.143APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.144AP
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