Chapter 4, Problem 45E

Explanation of Solution

Transistors:

• The map between the input line and the output line in gates can be designed using one or more transistors.
• A transistor is a device that acts either as a wire or a resistor depending upon the voltage level of the input signal.
  • If a transistor plays the role of a wire, it conducts electricity.
  • If a transistor plays the role of a resistor, it blocks the flow of electricity.
• A transistor is made up of a semiconductor material such as silicon.
• Transistor has no moving parts; but can act as a switch.
• Basic connections of the transistor are shown below:

• A transistor consists of three terminals that are, source, base, and emitter.
• The source acts as an output terminal of the transistor.
• The emitter line is usually connected to a ground line.
• The base line is used to control a gate which defines the connection between the source and emitter...