Define the following leveling terms: vertical control elevation, and vertical datum.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

01:58

Students have asked these similar questions

The tension member shown in the figure below must resist a service dead load of 60 kips and a service live load of 45 kips. Does the member have enough strength? The steel is A588: Fy = 50 ksi, F₁ = 70 ksi; and the bolts are 11/8 inches in diameter. Assume that A = An PL 38 x 72 оо a. Use LRFD. Determine the design strength and the factored load. Make a conclusion about the member. (Express your answers to three significant figures.) +Pn Pu = = kips kips -Select- b. Use ASD. Determine the allowable strength and required strength. Make a conclusion about the member. (Express your answers to three significant figures.) Ft Ae = P₁ = -Select- kips kips

A single-angle tension member of A36 steel must resist a dead load of 49 kips and a live load of 84 kips. The length of the member is 18 feet, and it will be connected with a single line of 1-inch-diameter bolts, as shown in the figure below. There will be four or more bolts in this line. For the steel Fy = 36 ksi and F₁ = 58 ksi. Try the tension members given in the table below. Tension member 4, (in.) rz (in.) 7 L6 × 6 × 9.75 1.17 8 L 5 × 3 × 4.93 0.746 L 5 × 3 × 5 2.56 0.758 16 7 L5 × 3 × 3.31 0.644 16 Bolt line a. Select a single-angle tension member to resist the loads. Use LRFD. A) L 6 × 6 × B) L 5 × 3 × CL5×3× D) L 5 × 3 × -Select- 5 16 7 16 What is the required gross area? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) A₁ = in.² What is the required effective area? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) A = in.2 What is the minimum radius of gyration? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) "min = in. b. Select a single-angle tension member to…

An L6 × 4 × 5/8 tension member of A36 steel is connected to a gusset plate with 1-inch-diameter bolts, as shown in the figure below. It is subjected to the following service loads: dead load = 40 kips, live load = 100 kips, and wind load = 45 kips. Use the equation for U: U = 1 − For A36 steel: Fy = 36 ksi, F = 58 ksi. x l For L6 × 4×5/8: Ag = 5.86 in.², x = 1.03 in. 21/4" L6 × 4 × 5/8 11/2" 21/2" 11/2" a. Determine whether this member is adequate using LRFD. -Select- What is the design strength for LFRD? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) Φι Ρη - = kips Which AISC load combination controls? -Select- What is the controlling AISC load combination? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) Pu = kips b. Determine whether this member is adequate using ASD. -Select- What is the allowable strength for ASD? (Express your answer to three significant figures.) Pn Sit kips Which ASD load combination controls? -Select- What is the controlling ASD load combination?…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

01:58

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

01:58

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

01:58

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Answer 20

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Answer 21

Expert Solution

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.