Define the following leveling terms: vertical control elevation, and vertical datum.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

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01:58

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Please show the complete solution. The answers in this problem must be: 1. 16.25 kN 2. 51.725 kN 3. 45 000 mm² 4. 52.086 kN 5. 165.776 MPa 6. 62. 572 kN 7. 199. 173 MPa 8. 68.579 kN

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

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01:58

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

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01:58

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Define the following leveling terms:

vertical control
elevation, and
vertical datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

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01:58

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

To determine

i.

Definition of vertical control.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Vertical control, also known as basic control or level control is the series of points with known elevation or the benchmarks established on entire area.

The data sheets for vertical control give the

(1) Set of reference points for the station.

(2) Observed or modeled gravity reading at the station, and

(3) Description of the station, its location and juxtaposing details between the stations.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

To determine

ii.

Definition of elevation.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Elevation of a point is defined as the vertical distance that is measured along a vertical line with reference to some chosen vertical datum or object, it's also known as the height above the datum or orthometric height. If the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft from the reference datum.

Answer 20

Expert Solution

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.

Answer 21

Expert Solution

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

To determine

iii.

Definition of Vertical datum.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

Any equipotential or level surface is where the elevations are compared, thereby, calculating every other distance from this surface. This is the surface that is subjectively appointed to an elevation of value zero and is known as reference datum as the points utilizing this datum have heights practically identical to this surface. For example, if the elevation of any point is 450 ft, it means the point is 450 ft distant from the reference datum or vertical datum.