Chapter 4, Problem 4.1E

Refer to the group numbers of the periodic table and draw Lewis structures for atoms of the following:

a. potassium

b. barium

c. aluminum

d. bromine

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Lewis dot structure of the potassiumis to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. The Lewis structures are also called electron dot structures. In the Lewis structure, electrons are denoted by dots. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 4.1E

The Lewis dot structure of potassium is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of potassium is $19$.

Potassium belongs to the group $\text{I}$ of the periodic table.

The electronic configuration of potassium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^1$.

Hence, the number of electrons present in the valence shell of potassium is $1$.

The Lewis dot structure of potassium is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Conclusion

The Lewis dot structure of potassium is shown in Figure 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Lewis dot structure of the bariumis to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. The Lewis structures are also called electron dot structures. In the Lewis structure, electrons are denoted by dots. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the Lewisstructure.

Answer to Problem 4.1E

The Lewis dot structure of barium is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of barium is $56$.

Barium belongs to the group $2$ of the periodic table.

The electronic configuration of barium is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^2$.

Hence, the number of electrons present in the valence shell of barium is $2$.

The Lewis dot structure of barium is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The Lewis dot structure of barium is shown in Figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Lewis dot structure of the aluminumis to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. The Lewis structures are also called electron dot structures. In the Lewis structure, electrons are denoted by dots. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the Lewisstructure.

Answer to Problem 4.1E

The Lewis dot structure of aluminum is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of aluminum is $13$.

Aluminum belongs to the group $\text{13}\left(\text{IIIA}\right)$ of the periodic table.

The electronic configuration of aluminum is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^1$.

Hence, the number of electrons present in the valence shell (${\text{3}}^{\text{rd}}$ shell) of aluminum is $3$.

The Lewis dot structure of aluminum is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

Conclusion

The Lewis dot structure of aluminum is shown in Figure 3.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Lewis dot structure of the bromine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. The Lewis structures are also called electron dot structures. In the Lewis structure, electrons are denoted by dots. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the Lewisstructure.

Answer to Problem 4.1E

The Lewis dot structure of bromineis shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of bromine is $35$.

Bromine belongs to the group $17$ of the periodic table.

The electronic configuration of bromine is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^5$.

Hence, the number of electrons present in the valence shell (${\text{4}}^{\text{th}}$ shell) of bromine is $7$.

The Lewis dot structure of bromine is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

Conclusion

The Lewis dot structure of bromine is shown in Figure 4.