Chapter 4, Problem 4.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of the first compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$, and that of the second compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$. This shows that both molecules having same molecular formula. Both compounds have six carbons in the structure. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group.

The first molecule contains ten hydrogens, and the second molecule contains twelve hydrogens. However, the total number of hydrogens is different in each molecule. In case of constitutional isomers, the total number of atoms remains the same in the molecular formula. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of the first compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$, and that of the second compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$. This shows that both molecules having different molecular formula. Both compounds have six carbons in the structure. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group.

The first molecule contains ten hydrogens, and the second molecule contains twelve hydrogens. However, the total number of hydrogens is different in each molecule. In case of constitutional isomers, the total number of atoms remains the same in the molecular formula. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of the first compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$, and that of the second compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$. This shows that molecular formula of both compounds is different. The first compound has five carbons in the longest carbon chain, and the second compound has six carbons. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group.

The first molecule contains ten hydrogens, and the second molecule contains twelve hydrogens. However, the total number of hydrogens is different in each molecule. In case of constitutional isomers, the total number of atoms remains the same in the molecular formula. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$. Both compounds have five carbons in the continuous ring. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have two methyl groups attached to it.

The number assigned to carbon atoms are same in each molecule based on the first methyl group attached to the ring. However, the connectivity of the methyl group is not the same. In the first molecule, the methyl group is attached to the ${\text{C}}_1\text{and}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}$ position of ring whereas the methyl group is attached at ${\text{C}}_1\text{and}{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}$ position in the second molecule. Thus, the molecules have the same molecular formula, but they have different connectivity. Therefore, these molecules are constitutional isomers.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_{\text{9}}{\text{H}}_{\text{20}}$. Both compounds have six carbons on the longest carbon chain. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have three methyl groups attached to the longest carbon chain.

The numbers assigned to carbon atoms are the same in each molecule based on the first methyl group attached to the longest carbon chain. Both molecules have methyl groups attached to the ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}\text{,}{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}\text{and}{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}$ position on the carbon chain. This shows that both molecules having same molecular formula as well as connectivity of atoms. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}$. Both compounds have six carbons in the largest carbons chain. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have two double bonds and one methyl group attached to it.

The numbers assigned to double-bonded carbon atoms are the same in each molecule. In both compounds, the methyl group is connected to ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}$ carbon of the longest chain. The position of the double bond is also same. Thus, the molecule has the same molecular formula and same connectivity. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$. Both compounds have five carbons in the largest carbons chain. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have two double bonds and one methyl group attached to it.

The number assigned to double-bonded carbon atoms are the same in each molecule. In both compounds, the methyl group is connected to ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}$ carbon of the longest chain. The position of the double bond is also the same. This shows that both molecules having same molecular formula as well as connectivity of atoms. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_9{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$. Both compounds have six carbons in the continuous ring. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have one double bond and one propyl group attached to it.

The numbers assigned to double-bonded carbon atoms are the same in each molecule. In both compounds, the propyl group is connected to ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}$ carbon of the ring. The position of the double bond is also same. This shows that both molecules having same molecular formula as well as connectivity of atoms. So both molecules are not constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Concept introduction:

The compounds having same molecular formula but different connectivity of the atoms are constitutional isomers. The arrangement of the atoms is different for constitutional isomers. From the total number of atoms and arrangement of atoms, it is decided that whether the two molecules are constitutional isomers or not.

Answer to Problem 4.16P

The two given molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

The structures of the given molecules are

The molecular formula of both molecules is ${\text{C}}_9{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$. Both compounds have six carbons in the continuous ring. As shown below, the numbers are assigned to each molecule based on the parent functional group. Both compounds have one double bond and one propyl group attached to it.

The numbers assigned to double-bonded carbon atoms are the same in each molecule.

However, the connectivity of the propyl group is not the same. In the first molecule, the propyl group is attached to the ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}$ position of ṭhe ring whereas the methyl group is attached at the ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}$ position into the second molecule. Thus, the molecules have the same molecular formula, but they have different connectivity. Therefore, both molecules are constitutional isomers of each other.

Conclusion

The constitutional isomers are determined from the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.