
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The balanced net ionic equation for the precipitation reaction is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:
1. Molecular equation
2. Total ionic equation
3. Net ionic equation
The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.
Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.
The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature.
Spectator ions are the ions that are not a part of the actual chemical change but are present in the reaction mixture to balance the charge on both sides of the reaction. They are represented in the total ionic reaction. These are the dissolved ions present in the reaction mixture.
(a)

Answer to Problem 4.131P
The molecular equation of the following reaction is:
The total ionic equation for the given reaction is:
The net ionic equation for the given reaction is:
Explanation of Solution
Sodium oxalate
The total ionic equation for the given reaction is:
The net ionic equation for the given reaction is:
(b)
Interpretation:
The balanced net ionic equation for the titration reaction is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:
1. Molecular equation
2. Total ionic equation
3. Net ionic equation
The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.
Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.
The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature.
Spectator ions are the ions that are not a part of the actual chemical change but are present in the reaction mixture to balance the charge on both sides of the reaction. They are represented in the total ionic reaction. These are the dissolved ions present in the reaction mixture.
(b)

Answer to Problem 4.131P
The net ionic equation of the following reaction is:
Explanation of Solution
Potassium permanganate
The reaction takes place in an acidic medium so
Potassium permanganate
(c)
Interpretation:
The oxidizing agent in the reaction is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
A
An oxidizing agent is a substance that oxidizes another species and itself gets reduced in a
(c)

Answer to Problem 4.131P
The oxidizing agent in the reaction is
Explanation of Solution
The given redox reaction is:
The oxidation number of oxygen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of manganese in
Rearrange equation (1) for the oxidation number of manganese.
Substitute
The oxidation state of
The oxidation state of manganese in
An oxidizing agent is a substance that oxidizes another species and itself gets reduced in a chemical reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reducing agent in the reaction is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.
An oxidizing agent is a substance that oxidizes another species and itself gets reduced in a chemical reaction. A reducing agent is the one that reduces another species and itself gets oxidized in a chemical reaction.
(d)

Answer to Problem 4.131P
The reducing agent in the reaction is
Explanation of Solution
The given redox reaction is:
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of carbon in
Rearrange equation (3) for the oxidation number of carbon.
Substitute
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of carbon in
Rearrange equation (5) for the oxidation number of carbon.
Substitute
The oxidation state of carbon in
A reducing agent is the one that reduces another species and itself gets oxidized in a chemical reaction.
(e)
Interpretation:
The mass percent of
Concept introduction:
Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.
The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature.
(e)

Answer to Problem 4.131P
The mass percent of
Explanation of Solution
The given redox reaction is:
The formula to calculate the moles of
Substitute
The formula to calculate the moles of
Substitute
The formula to calculate the mass of
Substitute
The expression to calculate the mass percent of
Substitute
The mass percent of
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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