Chapter 4, Problem 4.119QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ionization energy and the explanation that how it relates to the electrons in the valence shell of the electron should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

${\text{atom}}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\to {\text{ion with positive charge}}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{ + electron}$

Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.

Anion: Addition of electron to the atom results to form negatively charged ion called anion.

Kinetic energy: The kinetic energy for the object is the energy of the object due to its motion and it is given by the following formula,

$\text{K}\text{.E}\text{.=}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}{\text{mv}}^{\text{2}}$

To determine: The ionization energy for the atom and the explanation that supports that ionization energy relates to the valence shell electrons.