Introduction to Probability and Statistics
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781133103752
Author: Mendenhall, William
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.118SE
To determine
To find:
The total number of potential winning number.
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Consider the state space model X₁ = §Xt−1 + Wt, Yt
=
AX+Vt, where Xt
Є R4
and Y E R². Suppose we know the covariance matrices for Wt and Vt. How many
unknown parameters are there in the model?
Business Discuss
You want to obtain a sample to estimate the proportion of a population that possess a particular genetic marker. Based on previous evidence, you believe approximately p∗=11% of the population have the genetic marker. You would like to be 90% confident that your estimate is within 0.5% of the true population proportion. How large of a sample size is required?n = (Wrong: 10,603)
Do not round mid-calculation. However, you may use a critical value accurate to three decimal places.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction to Probability and Statistics
Ch. 4.3 - Tossing a Die An experiment involves tossing a...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.2ECh. 4.3 - A sample space contains 10 simple events:...Ch. 4.3 - Free Throws A particular basketball player hits...Ch. 4.3 - Four Coins A jar contains four coins: a nickel, a...Ch. 4.3 - Preschool or Not? On the first day of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4.3 - The Urn Problem, continued Refer to Exercise 4.7....Ch. 4.3 - Need Eyeglasses? A survey classified a large...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.10E
Ch. 4.3 - Jury Duty Three people are randomly selected to...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 4.3 - Tea Tasters A food company plans to conduct an...Ch. 4.3 - -Meter Run Four equally qualified runners, John,...Ch. 4.3 - Fruit Flies In a genetics experiment, the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.16ECh. 4.4 - You have two groups of distinctly different items,...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.18ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.19ECh. 4.4 - Combinations Evaluate these combinations: a. C35...Ch. 4.4 - Choosing People In how many ways can youselect...Ch. 4.4 - Choosing People, again In how many ways canyou...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.23ECh. 4.4 - Coins Four coins are tossed. How many simple...Ch. 4.4 - The Urn Problem, again Three balls are...Ch. 4.4 - What to Wear? You own 4 pairs of jeans, 12...Ch. 4.4 - Itineraries A businessman in New York is...Ch. 4.4 - Vacation Plans Your family vacation involves...Ch. 4.4 - A Card Game Three students are playing a cardgame....Ch. 4.4 - Dinner at Gerard’s A French restaurant offers...Ch. 4.4 - Playing Poker Five cards are selected from...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4.4 - A Hospital Survey A study is to be conducted in...Ch. 4.4 - Traffic Problems Two city council members are tobe...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.36ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4.4 - Cramming A student prepares for an exam bystudying...Ch. 4.4 - Monkey Business A monkey is given 12 blocks:3...Ch. 4.6 - An experiment can result in one of five equally...Ch. 4.6 - Refer to Exercise 4.40. Use the definition of a...Ch. 4.6 - Refer to Exercise 4.40. Use the definition of...Ch. 4.6 - Refer to Exercise 4.40. Use the Addition and...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4.6 - Suppose P(A)=.1 and P(B)=.5 . a. If P(A|B)=.1 ,...Ch. 4.6 - Dice An experiment consists of tossing a single...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.47ECh. 4.6 - Two fair dice are tossed. a. What is the...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose that P(A)=.4 and P(B)=.2 . If events A and...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4.6 - Suppose that P(A)=.4 and P(AB)=.12 . a. Find...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.52ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.53ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4.6 - Grant Funding Suppose a group of research...Ch. 4.6 - Drug Offenders A study of drug offenders who have...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.57ECh. 4.6 - The Birthday Problem Two people enter a room and...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.59ECh. 4.6 - Starbucks or Peet’s®? A college student frequents...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4.6 - Smoking and Cancer A survey of people in a...Ch. 4.6 - Smoke Detectors A smoke-detector system usestwo...Ch. 4.6 - Plant Genetics In 1865, Gregor Mendel suggesteda...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.65ECh. 4.6 - Choosing a Mate Men and women often disagreeon how...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4.6 - Golfing Player A has entered a golf tournament but...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.70ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4.7 - Violent Crime City crime records show that 20%...Ch. 4.7 - Worker Error A worker-operated machine producesa...Ch. 4.7 - Airport Security Suppose that, in a particular...Ch. 4.7 - Football Strategies A particular football team is...Ch. 4.7 - No Pass, No Play Under the “no pass, no play”rule...Ch. 4.7 - Medical Diagnostics Different illnesses can...Ch. 4.7 - Cheating on Your Taxes? Suppose 5% of all...Ch. 4.7 - Screening Tests Suppose that a certain diseaseis...Ch. 4.8 - Discrete or Continuous? Identify the following as...Ch. 4.8 - Discrete or Continuous? II Identify the following...Ch. 4.8 - Probability Distribution I A random variable x has...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.83ECh. 4.8 - Dice Let x equal the number observed on the throw...Ch. 4.8 - Grocery Visits Let x represent the number of times...Ch. 4.8 - If you toss a pair of dice, the sum T of the...Ch. 4.8 - RU Texting? The proportion of adults (18 years or...Ch. 4.8 - Which Key Fits? A key ring contains four office...Ch. 4.8 - Gender Bias? A company has five applicants for two...Ch. 4.8 - Defective Equipment A piece of electronic...Ch. 4.8 - Drilling Oil Wells Past experience has shown that,...Ch. 4.8 - Tennis, Anyone? Two tennis professionals, A and B,...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.93ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.94ECh. 4.8 - Insuring Your Diamonds You can insure a $50,000...Ch. 4.8 - FDA Testing The maximum patent life for a new drug...Ch. 4.8 - Coffee Breaks Most coffee drinkers take a little...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.98ECh. 4.8 - Actuaries A CEO is considering buying an insurance...Ch. 4 - Playing the Slots A slot machine has three slots;...Ch. 4 - Whistle Blowers Although there is legal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.102SECh. 4 - Refer to Exercise 4.102. By summing the...Ch. 4 - DVRs A retailer sells two styles of digital...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.105SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.106SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.107SECh. 4 - Fire Alarms A fire-detection device uses three...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.109SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.110SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.111SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.112SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.113SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.114SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.115SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.116SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.117SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.118SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.119SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.120SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.121SECh. 4 - Contract Negotiations Experience has shown...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.123SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.124SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.125SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.126SECh. 4 - Mass Transit Only 40% of all people in a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.128SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.129SECh. 4 - Prob. 4.130SECh. 4 - Flextime A survey to determine the availability of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.132SECh. 4 - Pepsi™ or Coke™? A taste-testing experiment is...Ch. 4 - Viruses A certain virus afflicted the families in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.135SECh. 4 - Independence and Mutually Exclusive Suppose that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137SE
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- 2. [20] Let {X1,..., Xn} be a random sample from Ber(p), where p = (0, 1). Consider two estimators of the parameter p: 1 p=X_and_p= n+2 (x+1). For each of p and p, find the bias and MSE.arrow_forward1. [20] The joint PDF of RVs X and Y is given by xe-(z+y), r>0, y > 0, fx,y(x, y) = 0, otherwise. (a) Find P(0X≤1, 1arrow_forward4. [20] Let {X1,..., X} be a random sample from a continuous distribution with PDF f(x; 0) = { Axe 5 0, x > 0, otherwise. where > 0 is an unknown parameter. Let {x1,...,xn} be an observed sample. (a) Find the value of c in the PDF. (b) Find the likelihood function of 0. (c) Find the MLE, Ô, of 0. (d) Find the bias and MSE of 0.arrow_forward3. [20] Let {X1,..., Xn} be a random sample from a binomial distribution Bin(30, p), where p (0, 1) is unknown. Let {x1,...,xn} be an observed sample. (a) Find the likelihood function of p. (b) Find the MLE, p, of p. (c) Find the bias and MSE of p.arrow_forwardGiven the sample space: ΩΞ = {a,b,c,d,e,f} and events: {a,b,e,f} A = {a, b, c, d}, B = {c, d, e, f}, and C = {a, b, e, f} For parts a-c: determine the outcomes in each of the provided sets. Use proper set notation. a. (ACB) C (AN (BUC) C) U (AN (BUC)) AC UBC UCC b. C. d. If the outcomes in 2 are equally likely, calculate P(AN BNC).arrow_forwardSuppose a sample of O-rings was obtained and the wall thickness (in inches) of each was recorded. Use a normal probability plot to assess whether the sample data could have come from a population that is normally distributed. Click here to view the table of critical values for normal probability plots. Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal distribution table. Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal distribution table. 0.191 0.186 0.201 0.2005 0.203 0.210 0.234 0.248 0.260 0.273 0.281 0.290 0.305 0.310 0.308 0.311 Using the correlation coefficient of the normal probability plot, is it reasonable to conclude that the population is normally distributed? Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes within your choice. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) ○ A. Yes. The correlation between the expected z-scores and the observed data, , exceeds the critical value, . Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the data come from a normal population. ○…arrow_forwardding question ypothesis at a=0.01 and at a = 37. Consider the following hypotheses: 20 Ho: μ=12 HA: μ12 Find the p-value for this hypothesis test based on the following sample information. a. x=11; s= 3.2; n = 36 b. x = 13; s=3.2; n = 36 C. c. d. x = 11; s= 2.8; n=36 x = 11; s= 2.8; n = 49arrow_forward13. A pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug for depression. There is a concern, however, that the drug also raises the blood pressure of its users. A researcher wants to conduct a test to validate this claim. Would the manager of the pharmaceutical company be more concerned about a Type I error or a Type II error? Explain.arrow_forwardFind the z score that corresponds to the given area 30% below z.arrow_forwardFind the following probability P(z<-.24)arrow_forward3. Explain why the following statements are not correct. a. "With my methodological approach, I can reduce the Type I error with the given sample information without changing the Type II error." b. "I have already decided how much of the Type I error I am going to allow. A bigger sample will not change either the Type I or Type II error." C. "I can reduce the Type II error by making it difficult to reject the null hypothesis." d. "By making it easy to reject the null hypothesis, I am reducing the Type I error."arrow_forwardGiven the following sample data values: 7, 12, 15, 9, 15, 13, 12, 10, 18,12 Find the following: a) Σ x= b) x² = c) x = n d) Median = e) Midrange x = (Enter a whole number) (Enter a whole number) (use one decimal place accuracy) (use one decimal place accuracy) (use one decimal place accuracy) f) the range= g) the variance, s² (Enter a whole number) f) Standard Deviation, s = (use one decimal place accuracy) Use the formula s² ·Σx² -(x)² n(n-1) nΣ x²-(x)² 2 Use the formula s = n(n-1) (use one decimal place accuracy)arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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