In order for a causal relationship to be established, the data must be non-spurious, meaning the relationship must not be explained by a third variable. There is a negative correlation between age and the cost of auto insurance that can be explained by behavior choices of younger people, not their age in years.

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Chapter 4, Problem 3RQE

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In order for a causal relationship to be established, the data must be non-spurious, meaning the relationship must not be explained by a third variable. There is a negative correlation between age and the cost of auto insurance that can be explained by behavior choices of younger people, not their age in years.

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