Chapter 4, Problem 34P

Name each alkane using the ball-and-stick model, and classify each carbon as $1^{\text{ο}},2^{\text{ο}},3^{\text{ο}},\text{or}{4}^{\text{ο}}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The nomenclature of given alkane is to be stated and each carbon as $1^{\text{ο}},2^{\text{ο}},3^{\text{ο}},\text{or}{4}^{\text{ο}}$ is to be classified.

Concept introduction: The aliphatic hydrocarbons that have only $\text{C}-\text{C}$ and $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{σ}$ bonds are called alkanes. A primary carbon atom is indicated by $1^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to only one other carbon atom. A secondary carbon atom is indicated by $2^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to two other carbon atoms. A tertiary carbon atom is indicated by $3^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to three other carbon atoms. A quaternary carbon atom is indicated by $4^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 34P

The IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3, 3, 4, 5-tetramethylheptane}$.

Figure 6

Explanation of Solution

The given ball and stick model of alkane is,

Figure 1

In ball-and-stick model, each colored ball represents a specific atom and each stick represents a bond. In this model, each black ball represents $\text{C}$ atoms,, and each gray ball represents $\text{H}$ atoms.

Thus, the skeletal structure of given alkane is,

Figure 2

One should follow the given four steps to give the IUPAC name of a compound. The first step is naming of longest parent chain.

Figure 3

The second step is numbering of chain.

Figure 4

The third step is naming and numbering of substituents.

Figure 5

The fourth step is combining of all parts.

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{c}\text{Substituents}\text{name}\text{and}\\ \text{numbers}\end{array}& +& \text{Parent}& +& \text{Suffix}\\ \text{3, 3, 4, 5-tetramethyl}& +& \text{hept}& +& \text{ane}\\ & & 7\text{C’s}& & \text{an}\text{alkane}\end{array}$

Thus, the IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3, 3, 4, 5-tetramethylheptane}$.

The aliphatic hydrocarbons that have only $\text{C}-\text{C}$ and $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{σ}$ bonds are called alkanes. A primary carbon atom is indicated by $1^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to only one other carbon atom. A secondary carbon atom is indicated by $2^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to two other carbon atoms. A tertiary carbon atom is indicated by $3^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to three other carbon atoms. A quaternary carbon atom is indicated by $4^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Thus, each carbon as $1^{\text{ο}},2^{\text{ο}},3^{\text{ο}},\text{or}{4}^{\text{ο}}$ of given alkane is labeled as,

Figure 6

Conclusion

The IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3, 3, 4, 5-tetramethylheptane}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The nomenclature of given alkane is to be stated and each carbon as $1^{\text{ο}},2^{\text{ο}},3^{\text{ο}},\text{or}{4}^{\text{ο}}$ is to be classified.

Concept introduction: The aliphatic hydrocarbons that have only $\text{C}-\text{C}$ and $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{σ}$ bonds are called alkanes. A primary carbon atom is indicated by $1^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to only one other carbon atom. A secondary carbon atom is indicated by $2^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to two other carbon atoms. A tertiary carbon atom is indicated by $3^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to three other carbon atoms. A quaternary carbon atom is indicated by $4^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 34P

The IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3-ethyl-5, 5-dimethyloctane}$.

Figure 12

Explanation of Solution

The given ball and stick model of alkane is,

Figure 7

In ball-and-stick model, each colored ball represents a specific atom and each stick represents a bond. In this model, each black ball represents $\text{C}$ atoms,, and each gray ball represents $\text{H}$ atoms.

Thus, the skeletal structure of given alkane is,

Figure 8

One should follow the given four steps to give the IUPAC name of a compound. The first step is naming of longest parent chain.

Figure 9

The second step is numbering of chain.

Figure 10

The third step is naming and numbering of substituents.

Figure 11

The fourth step is combining of all parts.

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{c}\text{Substituents}\text{name}\text{and}\\ \text{numbers}\end{array}& +& \text{Parent}& +& \text{Suffix}\\ \text{3-ethyl-5, 5-dimethyl}& +& \text{oct}& +& \text{ane}\\ \left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Alphabetical}\text{order:}\\ \text{‘e’}\text{for}\text{ethyl,}\text{then}\text{‘m’}\text{for}\text{methyl}\end{array}\right)& & 8\text{C’s}& & \text{an}\text{alkane}\end{array}$

Thus, the IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3-ethyl-5, 5-dimethyloctane}$.

The aliphatic hydrocarbons that have only $\text{C}-\text{C}$ and $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{σ}$ bonds are called alkanes. A primary carbon atom is indicated by $1^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to only one other carbon atom. A secondary carbon atom is indicated by $2^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to two other carbon atoms. A tertiary carbon atom is indicated by $3^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to three other carbon atoms. A quaternary carbon atom is indicated by $4^{\text{ο}}$, and it is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Thus, each carbon as $1^{\text{ο}},2^{\text{ο}},3^{\text{ο}},\text{or}{4}^{\text{ο}}$ of given alkane is labeled as,

Figure 12

Conclusion

The IUPAC name of given alkane is $\text{3, 3, 4, 5-tetramethylheptane}$.