Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 20RQ
To determine
Whether the planet travel faster from point
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When the Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, the Earth and Mars are closest to each other. If Mars is 1.52 AU from the Sun and there are 1.5 x 108 km in 1 AU, how many times will the width of
the U.S. (2,530 miles) fit end-to-end between Mars and Earth?
Planets and Sun not drawn to
scale.
Mars
Earth
Sun
Part 1 of 4
Mars is 1.52 AU from the Sun. How many times further away from the Sun is Mars than the Earth? (The distances in AU are relative to the distance between the Sun and the Earth, so however many AU a
planet is away from the Sun is how many times farther it is from Sun than Earth.)
1.52✔
1.52 times further away
Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
One year on Planet AAA is 5 time the length of one earth year and it orbits its sun at an
average distance 4.38 AU. Planet ZZZ orbits the same sun at an average distance of
2.53 AU. Determine the length of one year on Planet ZZZ in earth days.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Why did early human cultures observe astronomical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Name one example each of a famous politician,...Ch. 4 - Why did Plato propose that all heavenly motion was...Ch. 4 - On what did Plato base his knowledge? Was it...Ch. 4 - Which two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Are the spheres of Eudoxus a scientific model? If...Ch. 4 - In Ptolemys model, how do the epicycles of Mercury...Ch. 4 - Describe in detail the motions of the planets...
Ch. 4 - In Ptolemys model, which of the followingepicycle,...Ch. 4 - Why did Copernicus have to keep small epicycles in...Ch. 4 - Was the belief held by ancient astronomers that...Ch. 4 - When Tycho observed the new star of 1572, he could...Ch. 4 - Assume the night is clear and the Moons phase is...Ch. 4 - Does Tychos model of the Universe explain the...Ch. 4 - Name an empirical law. Why is it considered...Ch. 4 - How does Keplers first law of planetary motion...Ch. 4 - When Mercury is at aphelion (farthest from the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - What is P for Earth? What is a for Earth? Do these...Ch. 4 - Based Figure 4-13c, do planets with larger a take...Ch. 4 - How did the Alfonsine Tables, the Prutenic Tables,...Ch. 4 - Explain how each of Galileos telescopic...Ch. 4 - How did discovery of the Galilean moons disprove...Ch. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - How Do We Know? Describe the differences between a...Ch. 4 - Draw and label a diagram of the western horizon...Ch. 4 - If you lived on Mars, which planets would exhibit...Ch. 4 - How long does it take for one retrograde cycle of...Ch. 4 - If a planet has an average distance from the Sun...Ch. 4 - If a space probe is sent into an orbit around the...Ch. 4 - Uranus orbits the Sun with a period of 84.0 years....Ch. 4 - An object takes 29.5 years to orbit the Sun. What...Ch. 4 - One planet is three times farther from the Sun...Ch. 4 - Galileos telescope showed him that Venus has a...Ch. 4 - Which is the phase of Venus when it is closest?...Ch. 4 - Galileos telescopes were not of high quality by...Ch. 4 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 4 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 4 - Study Figures 4-11 and 4-16 and describe the...Ch. 4 - What three astronomical objects are represented...Ch. 4 - Use the figure below to explain how the Ptolemaic...
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- Based Figure 4-13c, do planets with larger a take longer, shorter, or the same time to orbit the Sun?arrow_forwardHow many precession periods are in one cycle of Earths axis inclination variation? In one cycle of Earths orbit eccentricity variation? In the time span shown in Figure 2-11b, how many periods or fractions of periods did the Earths axis precess, nod, and Earths orbit change shape? Of the three periods, which is likely to have the most effect on the changes shown in Figure 211?arrow_forwardMars is 1.5 times as far away from the Sun as Earth. Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5o compared to the ecliptic. The axis of Mars is tilted at 25o compared to the ecliptic. The atmosphere on Earth is 100 times as thick as the atmosphere on Mars. Which of the following statements is true? 1.)Mars is so cold that the water there is ice, while Earth does not have any ice 2.)When it is summer in Earth’s northern hemisphere, it is winter on Mars’ southern hemisphere 3.) Earth has seasons, Mars does not 4.) All of the water on Mars is frozen, while Earth has water in solid, liquid and gas formarrow_forward
- Please give me a step by step solution for this problem.Thank you!arrow_forwardA planet revolves around a certain star. At one point in the planet's orbit, called periapsis, it passes much closer to the star. Which of the following statements about periapsis is true? The planet's orbital period becomes shorter after every periapsis. The planet's orbital period becomes longer after every periapsis. The planet orbits with a slower speed during periapsis. The planet orbits with a greater speed during periapsis.arrow_forwardUse a distance of R = 1.48x10^11 meters for the distance between the earth and the sun. Use a mass of 1.99x10^30 kg to be 1 solar mass. For each of the different sun masses (as values of solar mass, aka 0.5 solar masses = 1x10^30 kg), as outlined in the lecture, calculate the period of the earth's orbit in days using Kepler's law for circular orbits (I double-checked it with these values and it works) and also calculate the corresponding orbital velocity of the earth. Questions: 1.) Using these values, and 6x10^24 kg for the mass of the earth, what is the strength of the gravitational force between the earth and the sun? 2.) If the earth were twice as far from the sun, what would be its period of orbit? 3.) Mars orbits the sun at a distance of 2.18x10^11 meters. How long is a Martian year, using Kepler's law for circular orbits?arrow_forward
- Question 5 pleasearrow_forwardLet's assume that the planet was originally orbiting around something with the mass of our Sun (and thus the mass of the planet is negligible). Now we will examine the case where the planet orbits a star with 8 times the mass of our Sun, but we will say that the dates listed in the diagram above are still accurate for indicating the planet's position as it orbits the new star. What is ratio of the size of the semimajor axis of the planet in this case compared to the original (aka how many times larger {ratio greater than 1} or smaller {ratio less than 1} is the new semimajor axis than the old one)?arrow_forwardHow would you solve this problem??arrow_forward
- please quickly thanks !!!!arrow_forwardPluto’s orbit around the Sun is highly elliptical compared to the planets in our Solar System. It has a perihelion distance of 29.7 AU and an aphelion distance of 49.5 AU. a) What is the semi-major axis of Pluto’s orbit, in AU? b) What is Pluto’s orbital period, in Earth years?arrow_forwardEx/13: The mean radius of earth is 6400 km. The acceleration due to gravity at its surface is 9.8 m/s². Estimate the mass of earth. "" 11 › (G = 6.67 × 10-¹¹ Nm²/kg²)arrow_forward
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