Concept explainers
List the three basic forms of work and give a physiological example of each.
To determine: The three basic forms of work with their examples.
Introduction: Biomolecules provide energy to animals and animals used this energy to perform their daily activities. The capacity to complete a task is known as energy.
Explanation of Solution
In a biological system, work can be in three forms, which are as follows:
- Chemical work:
The cleaving and forming the bonds in a chemical reaction is a form of work. This form of work is known as chemical work. Chemical work enables the growth of cells, maintenance of the environment inside the body, and information storage. For example, in protein chemical bonds are formed, which is an example of chemical work.
- Transport work:
In the body of humans, many concentration gradients are made by transport work. Transport work enables the movement of the ions and molecules across the membrane. For example, calcium ion is imported from the cytosol to cell organelles. In this work, endoplasmic reticulum utilizes energy, and the movement of ions helps in the contraction of muscles.
- Mechanical work:
Animals use mechanical work for their movement. For examples, the movement of organelles in the cell, change in the shape of the cell, and the movement of filaments and cilia.
Therefore, the three forms of work are mechanical work, chemical work, and transport work.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- How is a protein destined for the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), imported into the ER? Be concise.arrow_forwardFind out about the organisations and the movements aimed at the conservation of our natural resources. Eg Chipko movement and Greenpeace. Make a project report on such an organisation.arrow_forwardWhat are biofertilizers and mention the significancearrow_forward
- PCBs and River Otters: Otters in Washington State’s Green-Duwamish River have high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their livers. PCBs can bind to the estrogen receptors in animals and disrupt the endocrine system of these otters. The PCBs seem to increase the estrogen to androgen ratio, skewing the ratio toward too much estrogen. How would increased estrogen affect the river otter population? Based on your reading of the materials in this unit, what factors can affect fertility in humans? Explain how each of the factors affecting human fertility that you described can disrupt the human endocrine system to affect reproduction.arrow_forwardOther than oil and alcohol, are there other liquids you could compare to water (that are liquid at room temperature)? How is water unique compared to these other liquids? What follow-up experiment would you like to do, and how would you relate it to your life?arrow_forwardSelection of Traits What adaptations do scavengers have for locating and feeding on prey? What adaptations do predators have for capturing and consuming prey?arrow_forward
- Competition Between Species What natural processes limit populations from growing too large? What are some resources organisms can compete over in their natural habitat?arrow_forwardSpecies Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forwardmagine that you are conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. You submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document. Describe two characteristics that you would expect in seeds that are dispersed by the wind. Contrast this with what you would expect for seeds that are gathered, buried or eaten by animals, and explain why they are different. (Editor’s note: Providing this information in your discussion will help readers to consider the significance of the research).arrow_forward
- Lifetime Physical Fitness & WellnessHealth & NutritionISBN:9781337677509Author:HOEGERPublisher:CengageCase Studies In Health Information ManagementBiologyISBN:9781337676908Author:SCHNERINGPublisher:Cengage