
Concept explainers
a.
To determine: Whether the shoulder flexion and extension are an arthrokinematic or osteokinematic type of motion.
Introduction: A joint is a connection between the bones. The joints allow different types of movements at different degrees. There are three types of joints present between the vertebrae of the vertebral column. They are syndesmoses, synchondroses, and synovial.
a.

Explanation of Solution
The shoulder flexion and extension are an osteokinematic type of motion. This is because the shoulder joint movement is under the voluntary control and is osteokinematic motion that involves when a bone swings through a range of motion around the axis in a joint such as with extension, abduction, flexion, and rotation.
b.
To determine: Whether the shoulder distraction is an arthrokinematic or osteokinematic type of motion.
b.

Explanation of Solution
Arthrokinematic motion refers to the movement of joint surfaces. In the arthrokinematic motion, the traction forces cause the shoulder joint distraction in which the joint surfaces move apart from one another. Hanging from an overload bar and carrying the heavy weight may cause shoulder distraction, elbow, and wrist distraction.
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