Physics Fundamentals
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780971313453
Author: Vincent P. Coletta
Publisher: PHYSICS CURRICULUM+INSTRUCT.INC.
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Chapter 4, Problem 1Q
To determine
The force according to Newton, which is needed to produce the horizontal component of an arrow’s velocity.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1Q
The horizontal component of an arrow’s velocity is derived from the force applied to the arrow by the bowstring.
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
According to Newton’s first law, every object continues to be at rest or in the state of uniform motion in a straight line unless an external unbalanced force acts on it.
When an arrow is launched using a bow, the bowstring is pulled, so that energy is stored in it in the form of elastic potential energy. When the string is released, the string exerts a force on the arrow and the arrow gains velocity.
The arrow is initially at rest. The bowstring is pulled and released, keeping the arrow at an angle to the horizontal. If the arrow is launched at an angle, the force exerted on the arrow can be resolved into two components- along the horizontal and the vertical directions. The horizontal component of the force provides the horizontal component of its initial velocity and the vertical component provides the vertical component of its initial velocity. The arrow, thus travels in 2 dimensions, moving both vertically and horizontally.
Conclusion:
Newton’s first law provides an elegant way to explain the two-dimensional motion of the arrow, where the horizontal component of its velocity is provided by the horizontal component of the force exerted on the arrow.
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4₁
Figure Q1. Pipe system
Page 2
25 mm
For an independent study project, you design an experiment to measure the speed of light. You propose to bounce laser light off a mirror that is 53.5 km due east and have it detected by a light sensor that is 119 m due south of the laser. The first problem is to orient the mirror so that the laser light reflects off the mirror and into the light sensor.
(a) Determine the angle that the normal to the mirror should make with respect to due west.(b) Since you can read your protractor only so accurately, the mirror is slightly misaligned and the actual angle between the normal to the mirror and due west exceeds the desired amount by 0.003°. Determine how far south you need to move the light sensor in order to detect the reflected laser light.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Physics Fundamentals
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Prob. 5QCh. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10Q
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