Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321814067
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G Tasa
Publisher: Prentice Hall
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1GST
To determine
Whether all the crystals in an intrusive igneous rock are of same size.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1GST
Not all the crystals in an intrusive igneous rock are of same size, because the rising body of magma experiences different rate of cooling temperature and then solidifies into different sizes of crystals. Different sizes of crystals in the same intrusive igneous rock are common.
Explanation of Solution
Magma is a naturally occurring melt of rocks and it contains many ions of the silicate minerals, mainly silicon and oxygen, gases, water vapor and some solids. When magma starts to cool, the ions present in the magma will self-arrange into different type of patterns, this process is called crystallization.
The size of a crystal is strongly influenced by the rate of cooling behavior of magma. The slow cooling of magma that led to the formation of larger crystals and less number of crystals. This is because the ions present in the magma have the ability to move larger distances, when slow cooling occurs.
The faster cooling of magma led to the formation of small intergrown crystals. This is because the ions present in the magma can lose the ability to move and they combine with each other rapidly.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
1. Draw an arrow on the map to indicate the direction that the main river, the Genesee, is flowing. (Hint: Use the elevations of the two bench marks [BM] next to the river near the top and bottom of the map to determine your answer.)
2. Use the BM elevations from Question 1 to calculate the approximate gradient of the Genesee River.
3. Use Figure 8.9 to draw a profile along line A-A". Use only index contour lines.
4. Approximately how many feet is the Genesee River above sea level?
5. The path of the Genesee River can best be described as which of the following: a straight course or a meandering course?
6. Which phrase most accurately describes most of the areas beyond the Genesee River Valley: very broad and flat or relatively hilly and dissected?
7. Use the fractional scales on the Angelica topographic map and the Portage, Montana, map (page 136) to answer the following.
a. What is the fractional scale for the Angelica map?
b. How does this compare to the fractional scale for the…
1. Compare the stereogram in Figure 8.7 to the map in Figure 8.6. Then, on the topographic map, outline the area shown in the photo.
2. Is the terrain in Section 14, located on the west side of this map, relatively flat or hilly? Explain.
3. Label the areas that topographically resemble Section 14 on the topographic map as "upland."
4. Describe the topography in the lower half of Section 17, located three sections east of section 14.
5. Section 17 contains a portion of the valley occupied by the Missouri River. Approximately what percentage of the area shown on the map is stream valley (similar to the lower half of Section 17) and what percentage is upland?
6. Which of the following best describes the shape of the Missouri River Valley along the line labeled D.-D': wide valley with a floodplain or steep-sided V-shaped valley with no floodplain?
Use the Portage, Montana, topographic map in Figure 8.6 (on page 136) and the stereogram in Figure 8.7 (on page 137) to complete the following.
1. Compare the stereogram in Figure 8.7 to the map in Figure 8.6. Then, on the topographic map, outline the area shown in the photo.
2. Is the terrain in Section 14, located on the west side of this map, relatively flat or hilly? Explain.
3. Label the areas that topographically resemble Section 14 on the topographic map as "upland."
4. Describe the topography in the lower half of Section 17, located three sections east of section 14.
5. Section 17 contains a portion of the valley occupied by the Missouri River. Approximately what percentage of the area shown on the map is stream valley (similar to the lower half of Section 17) and what percentage is upland?
6. Which of the following best describes the shape of the Missouri River Valley along the line labeled D.-D': wide valley with a floodplain or steep-sided V-shaped valley with no floodplain?…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 5CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1EOECh. 4.4 - Prob. 2EOECh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1EOECh. 4.5 - Prob. 2EOECh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1EOECh. 4.7 - Prob. 2EOECh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1EOECh. 4.8 - Prob. 2EOECh. 4 - Prob. 1GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 2GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 3GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 4GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 5GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 6GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 7GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 8GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 9GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 10GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 11GSTCh. 4 - Prob. 12GST
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Please upload your one to two-page summary about what you learned from the 55-minute Magnetic Storm documentary. H) The Universe Magnetic Storm Threat.... Η The Liver MWgnete storm Threat. Watch later Share HISTORY H Watch on YouTubearrow_forwardUse the textbook and the internet to complete the following work covering all of the previous material. It will help with a deeper understanding of the material before taking Midterm #1 too. Choose the best bold word/s option for each one given below. Please write out in complete sentences your answers and upload your file. 1. The Earth is a/an open or closed system as far as energy is concerned and a/an open or closed as far as "rocky" material (10 points). 2. Divergent boundaries experience tensional, compressional, or shearing forces creating normal, reverse, or strike-slip faults (10 points). 3. Convergent experience tensional, compressional, or shearing forces creating normal, reverse, or strike-slip faults (10 points). 4. Transform boundaries experience tensional, compressional, or shearing forces creating normal, reverse, or strike-slip faults (10 points). 5. The Himalayas an example of a convergent, divergent, or transform boundary (5 points). 6. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge an…arrow_forwardDiscussion Question: Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmospherearrow_forward
- 1. Does urbanization increase or decrease the peak streamflow? 2. What is the effect of urbanization on lag time (the span between when rainfall occurred and when peak stream discharge occurred)? 3. Does total runoff occur over a longer or shorter time span after an area has been urbanized? 4. Based on what you have learned from the hydrographs in Figure 8.4, explain why urban areas often experience more flash-flooding than do rural areas during intense rainfalls.arrow_forwardLabel the drawing in Figure 8.2 with the letters that correspond to the following terms: Runoff Evaporation Infiltration Precipitation Groundwater Reservoirarrow_forwardUse Figure 8.1 as a reference to complete the following: 1. Globally, from which source does more water evaporate into the atmosphere: oceans or land? 2. Approximately what percentage of the total water evaporated into the atmosphere comes from the oceans?Percentage from oceans = Ocean evaporation/Total evaporation × 100% = _____ % 3. Notice in Figure 8.1 that more water evaporates from the oceans than is returned directly by precipitation. If sea level is not dropping, identify a source of water for the oceans in addition to precipitation. 4. Worldwide, about how much of the precipitation that falls on the land becomes runoff: 35, 55, or 75 percent? 5. Much of the water that falls on land does not immediately return to the ocean via runoff. Instead, it is temporarily stored in reservoirs such as lakes. In some mountainous and polar regions, what features serve as reservoirs to temporarily store water?arrow_forward
- Why did the Shiveluch erruption occur?arrow_forwardBackground/Synopsis You are working for the administrative or government apparatus of a city. Good credentials have resulted in you working in this position. The top echelon of the city government changed a few years ago, but they did not replace many staff. Nonetheless, the situation is such that the city is led by a corrupt mayor who has realized dded that elections are approaching. Opinion polls suggest that a significant part of the electorate has the environment as a major concern. Close associates of the mayor organized a focus group and chose to investigate several initiatives which they felt might be possible to conduct in a relatively short amount of time. Jual pro Metho The administration wants several projects examined. You have been tasked with conducting a cost benefit analysis on the construction of permeable pavements. The idea put forth is to replace A2_Call city alleyways with permeable pavements as a means to better manage water resources. Group -07- You are asked to…arrow_forwardProvide two paragraphs on your thoughts of the African dust and its impact on the environment. Please write in first personarrow_forward
- Answer the last question only. "Make a prediction where the next island in the Hawaiian island will form mark the location on the map"arrow_forwardDiscussion Question: Glacial (or Ice) and Periglacial Landscapes A+ The Ice and Glaciers chapter focuses on the Cryosphere, the ice on our planet. I always find it interesting to consider the Earth's Hydrologic Cycle, our water in all of the different phases: solid ice, liquid water, and water vapor (a gas). In place number one for the majority of the World's water, we have the oceans. In place number two, we have ice. Neither one is available to us for drinking water at this point. Amazingly enough, in place number three is groundwater before lakes and streams. Water has led to many problems in the history of California, the United States, and even the world. Nevada Idaho B) at Flats el Mone Lake Arizona Severe Dry Lake (c) Mono Lake, tufa towersarrow_forwardTitle: Urban water management integration with sustainable strategies brings resilience by implementing green infrastructure alongside wastewater recycling and climate-adaptive solutions. Outline of topic: Increased urbanization together with climate changes forces cities to find solutions for their simultaneous water shortage and flooding problems. The preservation of water resources needs sustainable urban water management strategies that combine ecological health maintenance with these priorities. This study investigates combined strategies that involve rainwater collection together with wastewater treatment and the deployment of green infrastructure consisting of urban wetlands alongside permeable pavements. The research aims to discover multi-purpose solutions that decrease flood dangers together with water shortages while maintaining ecological health for long-term urban water management success. The research investigates ways in which novel solutions assist cities to create…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science ...Earth ScienceISBN:9780134746241Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. TasaPublisher:PEARSON
Exercises for Weather & Climate (9th Edition)Earth ScienceISBN:9780134041360Author:Greg CarbonePublisher:PEARSON
Environmental ScienceEarth ScienceISBN:9781260153125Author:William P Cunningham Prof., Mary Ann Cunningham ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Earth Science (15th Edition)Earth ScienceISBN:9780134543536Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. TasaPublisher:PEARSON
Environmental Science (MindTap Course List)Earth ScienceISBN:9781337569613Author:G. Tyler Miller, Scott SpoolmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physical GeologyEarth ScienceISBN:9781259916823Author:Plummer, Charles C., CARLSON, Diane H., Hammersley, LisaPublisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science ...
Earth Science
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:PEARSON
Exercises for Weather & Climate (9th Edition)
Earth Science
ISBN:9780134041360
Author:Greg Carbone
Publisher:PEARSON
Environmental Science
Earth Science
ISBN:9781260153125
Author:William P Cunningham Prof., Mary Ann Cunningham Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Earth Science (15th Edition)
Earth Science
ISBN:9780134543536
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:PEARSON
Environmental Science (MindTap Course List)
Earth Science
ISBN:9781337569613
Author:G. Tyler Miller, Scott Spoolman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physical Geology
Earth Science
ISBN:9781259916823
Author:Plummer, Charles C., CARLSON, Diane H., Hammersley, Lisa
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,