Chapter 4, Problem 12RQ

What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch repair enzyme? How will this affect the function of a gene?

Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.

What percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?

A region on chromosome 6 has been linked to schizophrenia, but researchers have not found a specific gene associated with this disease. What steps would be necessary to locate the gene?

Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?

IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.

A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X that degrades a subunit of the elF4F complex. Knowing that this virus transcribes its own mRNAs in the cytoplasm of human cells, why would Protein X be an effective virulence factor?

If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation cause a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?