Operations that are occurred in each phase: For the instruction ADD: Fetch: Takes instruction from memory. Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC). Decode: It finds that it is an add instruction. Evaluate address: There is no memory operation. So it is not required to evaluate the memory address. Fetch operands: From the register file, the operands are taken. Execute: Execute the add operation. Store result: The result is stored in a register file. For the instruction LDR: Fetch: Takes instruction from memory. Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC). Decode: It finds that the instruction is a Load Base + offset instruction. Evaluate address: Memory address is computed by adding the base register with the sign extended offset...

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Chapter 4, Problem 12E

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Operations that are occurred in each phase:

For the instruction ADD:

Fetch:

Takes instruction from memory.

Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC).

Decode:

It finds that it is an add instruction.

Evaluate address:

There is no memory operation. So it is not required to evaluate the memory address.

Fetch operands:

From the register file, the operands are taken.

Execute:

Execute the add operation.

Store result:

The result is stored in a register file.

For the instruction LDR:

Fetch:

Takes instruction from memory.

Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC).

Decode:

It finds that the instruction is a Load Base + offset instruction.

Evaluate address:

Memory address is computed by adding the base register with the sign extended offset...

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