The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined. Concept introduction: Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups. Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers. According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on. Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

4) Which oxygen atom in the structure below is most basic / nucleophilic? Please explain by discussing the electron density around each oxygen atom. Show at least three resonance structures for the compound. оого

Can you show me this problem. Turn them into lewis dot structures for me please and then answer the question because I cant seem to comprehend it/ The diagrams on the picture look too small I guess.

The fire releases 2.80 x 107 Joules of heat energy for each liter of oil burned. The water starts out at 24.5 °C, raising the water's temperature up to 100 °C, and then raises the temperature of the resulting steam up to 325 °C. How many liters of water will be needed to absorb the heat from the fire in this way, for each 1.0 liter of crude oil burned? 4186 J/(kg°C) = heat of water 2020 J/(kg°C) = heat of steam 2,256,000 (i.e. 2.256 x 106) J/kg = latent heat of vaporization for water (at the boiling point of 100 °C).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 105P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereo center which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Assigning of configuration for carbohydrates, the configuration is R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

For Fischer projection formula: Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is bonded in horizontal line, then the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Conversion of sawhorse projection to Fischer projection,

The groups on the front side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the bottom side carbon of Fischer projection. And the groups on the back side carbon of sawhorse projection - The groups on the topside carbon of Fischer projection

The groups on the vertical line of sawhorse projection are the groups on the vertical line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the left side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the left side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

The groups on the right side of sawhorse projection are the groups on the right side of horizontal line of Fischer projection.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

Stereoisomers are named by following Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, in which R or S letter is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the compound has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the compound has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Newman projection: Newman projection of molecule is one type of representations for the alkanes, where the projection visualization from one carbon to another carbon. In this Newman projection, front carbon which represented as dot is called proximal and the back carbon which represented as circle is called distal.

From the angle of observer the front carbon is proximal and second carbon is distal.

In wedge-dash line representation wedge is coming out of the plane and going behind the plane, the wedge and the dash of front carbon in Newman projection are pointing up and the wedge and the dash of back carbon in Newman projection are pointing down.

Answer 18

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 21

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 5P Ch. 4.1 - Which of the roll owing compounds have a dipole...Ch. 4.2 - Draw and label the E and Z isomers for each of the...Ch. 4.2 - Assign relative priorities to each set of...Ch. 4.2 - Tamoxifen slows the growth of some breast tumors...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 10P Ch. 4.2 - Name each of the following:

Solution Summary: The author explains that the configuration of each of the asymmetric centers in the given compound is to be determined.

Concept explainers

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 4 Solutions