Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078024269
Author: Sylvia Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 38.3, Problem 2CYP
List the three layers of cells in the human retina.
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Define sensory transduction.Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 38.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 38.3 - Compare rods and cones in terms of their main...Ch. 38.3 - List the three layers of cells in the human...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 38.4 - Prob. 2CYP
Ch. 38.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 38.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 38.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 38 - Prob. 1NS.1QCCh. 38 - Prob. 1NS.2QCCh. 38 - Prob. 1ACh. 38 - Prob. 2ACh. 38 - Which type of sensory receptor is involved in...Ch. 38 - Prob. 4ACh. 38 - Prob. 5ACh. 38 - Prob. 6ACh. 38 - Prob. 7ACh. 38 - Prob. 8ACh. 38 - Prob. 9ACh. 38 - Prob. 10ACh. 38 - Prob. 11ACh. 38 - Prob. 12ACh. 38 - Prob. 13ACh. 38 - Prob. 14ACh. 38 - Prob. 15ACh. 38 - Prob. 16ACh. 38 - Prob. 17ACh. 38 - Prob. 18ACh. 38 - Prob. 1TSCh. 38 - Prob. 2TSCh. 38 - Prob. 3TSCh. 38 - Prob. 4TS
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- which cells direct colored light? Are these cells in the choroid,sclera, or retina layer of the eye?arrow_forwardName the photosensitive pigment present in the rod cells of the retina.arrow_forwardd) Experiments have shown that the vitamin A-deprived rats show no growth delay when they are fed with retinoic acid. However, these rats are found to be infertile and their retina degenerates. Explain why. Why in healthy adults vitamin B12 deficiency is usually not to be found as compared to other types of vitamin B? e) (i)arrow_forward
- Name the photosensitive pigment present in the cone cells of the retina.arrow_forwardWhat statement is true regarding the retinal pigment epithelium? Cells in the PE are the site of phototransduction Cells in the PE signal between rods and bipolar cells Cells in the PE have enzymes that convert the light-sensitive photopigments back to a useable form Cells in the PE send their axons out of the retinaarrow_forwarddiscuss the structure of the retina and its receptor cellsarrow_forward
- Part II - Eye Coloration Puzzled, Alexia and Evan used the internet to research what gives the eye its color. "Eye color" refers to the color of the iris of the eye. Melanin is a dark pigment produced by cells in the iris that gives the eye its color. What determines the color of the eye is a combination of the amount, location, and qualities (e.g., different types) of the melanin present in the iris (Sturm & Larsson, 2009). The iris has a front layer and a back layer. The space in between them, called the stroma, is filled with various proteins, including white collagen fibers. For almost all eye colors, there is a lot of melanin on the back layer of the iris (Sturm & Larsson, 2009). Where people differ is in the melanin in the front layer of the iris. A lot of melanin in the front of the iris makes the eye look brown because, as light hits the front of the iris, the pigments absorb the light. Blue irises have less melanin in the front layer, so light can go through it. As light…arrow_forwardRetinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What…arrow_forwardDraw a well labelled diagram of human ear.arrow_forward
- Please give answer What are the roles of the cornea, the iris, the pupil, and the lens in human vision?arrow_forwardDescribe the structures of the human eye that light passes before reaching the retina. What are the functions of each of these structures?arrow_forwardWhich is the LAST part of the retina that a photon passes through before it is captured by an opsin protein? Photoreceptor inner segment Photoreceptor outer segment Bipolar cell layer Ganglion cell layerarrow_forward
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