EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 38.3, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The outline of two mechanisms by which information flow between two neurons in adults can increase.
Introduction:
Neuron is an excitable cell which receives the information, process it and transmit it through chemical and electrical signals. The connections present between neurons to transmit the information are known as synapsis. The neural network can be formed by connection of neurons which are prime component of CNS (central nervous system) including spinal cord and brain and of PNS (peripheral nervous system) comprise of somatic nervous system and autonomous nervous system.
There are mainly three types of specialized neurons sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneuron. Sensory neuron stimulates with only particular stimuli and the motor neuron receives signals from spinal cord and brain and conveys it to different parts of the body whereas interneuron connects neuron to neuron with brain or spinal cord.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Describe the process of neural integration. What happens when a neuron receives both inhibitory and excitatory signals at the same time?
Distinguish between convergence and divergence in a neuronal pool.
Briefly describe, in the correct sequence, the events thatoccur in synaptic transmission.
Chapter 38 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 38.1 - Which division of the autonomic nervous system...Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.2 - When you wave your right hand, what part of your...Ch. 38.2 - People who are inebriated have difficulty touching...Ch. 38.2 - WHAT IF? Two groups of individuals have CNS...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.3 - WHAT IF? If a woman with a severed corpus callosum...Ch. 38.4 - Which one of the five categories of sensory...Ch. 38.4 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 38.4 - WHAT IF? If you stimulated a sensory neuron of an...Ch. 38.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 38.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 38.6 - Contrast the light-detecting organs of planarians...Ch. 38.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the function of retinal...Ch. 38 - Patients with damage to Wernickes area have...Ch. 38 - The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in...Ch. 38 - The middle ear converts A. air pressure waves to...Ch. 38 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 38 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Consider an individual who had...Ch. 38 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 38 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 38 - Prob. 11TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- explain the way in which the neurons of the vertebrates avoid unproductive synapses with themselves effectively though it seems almost inevitable to occur.arrow_forwardName three factors that can enhance transfer of information from STM to LTM.arrow_forwardIdentify the four different types of neuronal pools, and explain how they function.arrow_forward
- What is the basic shapes and locations of major neuronal circuits in the mature?arrow_forwardDescribe how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleftarrow_forward
- a) Oja's rule is given by the following equation: dw av’w where w is the vector of a neuron's post-synaptic weights, v is the neuron's firing rate, u is the input pattern from pre-synaptic neurons being learnt, and a is a positive constant. Explain whether Oja's rule is local and how it induces competition between synapses. b) Compare two different types of homeostatic plasticity with the following properties. Both types of homeostatic plasticity, denoted here as Type A and Type B, use multiplicative scaling of the synaptic weights and result in the spontaneous firing rate of neurons maintaining a particular target value. Type A only acts upon excitatory synapses, whereas type B acts upon both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Consider a neuron that has a homeostatic target firing rate of 5 Hz, but that has just undergone an episode of Hebbian learning that has resulted in its spontaneous firing rate being 10 Hz. Would these two forms of homeostatic plasticity result in the same…arrow_forwardExplain IN DETAIL the processes of synaptic transmission and summation, including the roles of calcium ions, neurotransmitters, degradation enzymes, graded potentials, EPSPs and IPSPs, and various types of cellular connections (axoaxonal, axodendritic, axosomatic, etc.) Include a description of how temporal and spatial summation affect the outcome of the summation processarrow_forwardDepression is a condition in which sufferers may feel low mood, lack of motivation and sleep. It is caused by a lack of serotonin in the synaptic cleft of neurone pathways. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. a) Describe how serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter. Using your understanding of synaptic transmission, explain how communication between neurones in serotonin pathways of the brain would be affected in someone with depression. b) Doctors use tubocurarine drug as an anaesthetic as it temporarily paralyses muscles. It blocks receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Why does this lead to paralysis?arrow_forward
- List the steps involved in transmitting activity across a chemical synapse from one neuron to another.arrow_forwardDraw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and postsynaptic ends of each neuron, the cell bodies, dendrites, axons, axon hillock and axon terminals, location of voltage gated Ca²+ channels, location of voltage gated Na+ channels, location of voltage gated K* channels, location of Na*/ K+ pumps, location of neurotransmitter storage, location of neurotransmitter receptors. Consider your drawing and describe the function of neurons. Include an explanation why neurons are considered polarized cells and how this relates to their function. (Polarized here is not referring to membrane potential as all cells have a membrane potential). This means you will need to explain the location of different channels in the neuron and the relationship of the channels to the function of a neuron.arrow_forwardAn effector neuron is a motor neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland).In an experiment, it was determined that the effector neuron for muscle fibre 1 had a threshold level of –5 mV. The effector neuron for muscle fibre 2 had a threshold level of –16 mV. An electrical probe was used to stimulate these two effector neurons of the muscle fibres. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the reaction of each muscle fibre based on the applied stimulus voltage? Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Relaxed Contracted b. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Contracted Relaxed c. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Contracted Relaxed d. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Relaxed Contractedarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
An Introduction to the Human Genome | HMX Genetics; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEJp7B6u_dY;License: Standard Youtube License