Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134202709
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 38, Problem 76P
To determine
The equation for the reaction that produces gold nucleus.
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Many transuranium elements, such as neptunium-240, have very short half-lives. (For 240 Np, the half-life is 62 minutes.)
However, some, like uranium-233 (half-life is 1.59 x 10° years), have relatively long half-lives. Use the masses given in
the following table to calculate the change in energy when 1 mole of 240 Np nuclei and I mole of 23U nuclei are each
formed from their respective number of protons and neutrons.
Atom or Particle
Atomic Mass
Neutron
1.67493 x 10-24 g
Proton
1.67262 x 10-24 g
Electron
9.10939 x 10-28
240 Np
3.98623 x 102
233 U
3.86972 x 10 2"g
(Since the masses of 240 Np and 23 U are atomic masses, they each include the mass of the electrons present. The mass
of the nucleus will be the atomic mass minus the mass of the electrons.)
240
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The radioactive isotope, 14 6 C does not occur naturally but it is found at constant rate by the action of cosmic rays on the atmosphere. It is taken up by plants and animals and deposited in the body structure along with natural carbon, but this process stops at death. The charcoal from the fire pit of an ancient camp has an activity due to 146C of 12.9 disintegrations per minute, per gram of carbon. If the percentage of 146C compared with normal Carbon in living trees is 1.35 × 10−10%, the decay constant is 3.92 × 10−10 s−1 and the atomic weight = 12.0, what is the age of the campsite?
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 38.1GICh. 38.2 - Prob. 38.2GICh. 38.3 - Prob. 38.3GICh. 38.4 - Prob. 38.4GICh. 38.5 - Prob. 38.5GICh. 38 - Prob. 1FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 5FTD
Ch. 38 - Why are iodine-131 and strontium-90 particularly...Ch. 38 - Prob. 7FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 8FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 9FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 10FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 11FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 12FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 13FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 14FTDCh. 38 - Explain the different approaches to the Lawson...Ch. 38 - Prob. 16FTDCh. 38 - Three radon isotopes have 125, 134, and 136...Ch. 38 - Prob. 18ECh. 38 - Prob. 19ECh. 38 - Prob. 20ECh. 38 - Prob. 21ECh. 38 - How many half-lives will it take for the activity...Ch. 38 - Prob. 23ECh. 38 - Prob. 24ECh. 38 - Prob. 25ECh. 38 - Prob. 26ECh. 38 - Prob. 27ECh. 38 - Prob. 28ECh. 38 - Use Fig. 38.9 to estimate the mass defect in...Ch. 38 - Find the total binding energy of oxygen-16, given...Ch. 38 - Determine the nuclear mass of nickel-60, given...Ch. 38 - Prob. 32ECh. 38 - Prob. 33ECh. 38 - Prob. 34ECh. 38 - Prob. 35ECh. 38 - Prob. 36ECh. 38 - Prob. 37ECh. 38 - Prob. 38ECh. 38 - Prob. 39ECh. 38 - Prob. 40ECh. 38 - Prob. 41ECh. 38 - Prob. 42PCh. 38 - Prob. 43PCh. 38 - Prob. 44PCh. 38 - Iron-56, with nuclear mass 55.9206 u, is among the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 46PCh. 38 - As a geologist, youre assessing the feasibility of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 48PCh. 38 - Prob. 49PCh. 38 - Nitrogen-13 is a 9.97-min-half-lifc isotope used...Ch. 38 - Prob. 51PCh. 38 - Prob. 52PCh. 38 - Prob. 53PCh. 38 - Prob. 54PCh. 38 - The table below lists reported levels of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 56PCh. 38 - Analysis of a Moon rock shows that 82% of its...Ch. 38 - Prob. 58PCh. 38 - Prob. 59PCh. 38 - Today, uranium-235 comprises only 0.72% of natural...Ch. 38 - Prob. 61PCh. 38 - Prob. 62PCh. 38 - Prob. 63PCh. 38 - Prob. 64PCh. 38 - Prob. 65PCh. 38 - Prob. 66PCh. 38 - Prob. 67PCh. 38 - Prob. 68PCh. 38 - Prob. 69PCh. 38 - Prob. 70PCh. 38 - Prob. 71PCh. 38 - Prob. 72PCh. 38 - Prob. 73PCh. 38 - Prob. 74PCh. 38 - Bismuth-209 and chromium-54 combine to form a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 76PCh. 38 - Prob. 77PCh. 38 - Prob. 78PCh. 38 - Prob. 79PCh. 38 - Prob. 80PCh. 38 - Prob. 81PCh. 38 - Prob. 82PCh. 38 - Prob. 83PCh. 38 - Prob. 84PCh. 38 - Prob. 85PCh. 38 - Prob. 86PPCh. 38 - Prob. 87PPCh. 38 - Prob. 88PPCh. 38 - Prob. 89PP
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- (a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio of the radius of 58Ni to that at 258Ha, one of the largest nuclei ever made? Note that the radius of the largest nucleus is still much smaller than ?le size of an atom.arrow_forward(a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is spherical with a radius r=r0A1/3, and with a mass at A u, then its density is independent at A. (b) Calculate that density in u/fm3 and kg/m3, and compare your results with those found in Example 31.1 for 56Fe.arrow_forwardNeutrons from a source (perhaps the one discussed in the preceding problem) bombard natural molybdenum, which is 24 percent 98Mo. What is the energy output of the reaction 98Mo+n99Mo+ ? The mass of 98MB is given in Appendix A: Atomic Masses, and that of 99Mo is 98.907711 u.arrow_forward
- Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Show that the activity of the 14C in 1.00 g of 12C found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the number of grams of deuterium in an 80.000L swimming pool, given deuterium is 0.0150% of natural hydrogen. (b) Find the energy released in joules if this deuterium is fused via the reaction 2H+2H3He+n. (c) Could the neutrons be used to create more energy? (d) Discuss the amount of this type of energy in a swimming pool as compared to that in, say, a gallon of gasoline, also taking into consideration that water is far more abundant.arrow_forwardTo obtain the most precise value of BE from the equation BE=[ZM(1H)+Nmn]c2m(AX)c2, we should take into account the binding energy of the electrons in the neutral atoms. Will doing this produce a larger or smaller value for BE? Why is this effect usually negligible?arrow_forward
- How much energy (in kcal again) is released in the fission (splitting up) of one mole of nuclei of 92U235 into 40 Zr96 and 52Te1307 Note that to write the balanced nuclear equation, and to get fission to work, a neutron has to hit the Uranium. Start this question by writing down the balanced nuclear reaction: 1 neutron plus U goes to Zr and Te and 10 neutrons. This is very similar to the example I did in video 7 for the fusion of deuterium and tritium, Note you are doing this for one atom, but I want an answer for a mole, so multiply in the end by 6.02 x 1023. Useful numbers from the first handout: Binding energy per nucleon: U235-7.60 MeV (There are 235 nucleons in this nucleus) Zr96-8.64 (There are 96 nucleons in this nucleus) Te130-8.43 (There are 130 nucleons in this nucleus) neutron 0 (it is not bonded to anything else!) Needed Conversion factor: 4187 Joules = 1 kcal, 1 MeV 1.6 x 10-13 Joules, so 1 MeV 3.876 x 10-17 kcalarrow_forwardThe liquid drop model may be used to determine the nuclear binding energy for an isotope. This model uses the semiempirical binding energy formula, which takes into consideration four major effects (one term per effect) that contribute to the nuclear binding energy. The semiempirical binding energy formula may be expressed as: Z(Z - 1) C3 A1/3 (N – z)2 E, = C;A – C,A?/3 A The first term is the volume term, the second is the surface term, the third is the Coulomb term, and the fourth is the symmetry term. For nuclei having A 2 15, the constants have the following values: = 15.7 MeV, C, = 17.8 MeV, C3 = 0.71 MeV, and C. = 23.6 MeV 56 (a) Use the semiempirical binding energy formula to determine the nuclear binding energy (in MeV) for the isotope Fe. 26 MeV (b) Determine the percentage contribution to the binding energy by each of the four terms. (You should expect positive and negative values, but the sum should be 100%. Due to the nature of this problem, do not use rounded intermediate…arrow_forwardNeutrons from a source (perhaps the one discussed in thepreceding problem) bombard natural molybdenum, which is24 percent 98Mo . What is the energy output of the reaction98Mo + n → 99Mo + γ ? The mass of 98Mo is given : Atomic Masses, and that of 99Mo is98.907711 u.arrow_forward
- You are working as a nuclear physicist and are performing research on mirror isobars. Mirror isobars are pairs of nuclei for which Z1 = N2 and Z2 = N1 (the atomic and neutron numbers are interchanged). You wish to investigate the independence of nuclear forces on charge by comparing binding-energy measurements in the laboratory on mirror isobars against a theoretical value for the difference in binding energies. You first find the theoretical difference in binding energies for the two mirror isobars 15/8O and 15/7N.arrow_forwardTechnetium has not been found in nature. It can be obtained readily as a product of uranium fission in nuclear power plants, however, and is now produced in quantities of many kilograms per year. One medical use relies on the tendency of 99mTc (an excited nuclear state of 99Tc) to concentrate in abnormal heart tissue. Calculate the total activity (in disintegrations per second) caused by the decay of 1.0 mg of 99mTc, which has a half-life of 6.0 hours.arrow_forwardSilicon (14Si) has three stable isotopes with consecutive mass numbers. Write the complete nuclear symbol (with neutron number) for each. (Enter your answer in the form AZX_{N}. Separate substances in a list with a comma.)arrow_forward
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