To review:
Whether the given data are consistent with the fact that taurine exerts negative feedback on the release of vasopressin from the pituitary gland of the rat, and the reason behind the answer. The taurine released from pituitary gland over an hour, in the presence of vasopressin, is recorded in the following graph:
Introduction:
The pituitary gland is a part of the endocrine system that releases regulatory hormones. The two parts of pituitary gland secrete different types of hormones, for example, the growth hormone, prolactin, corticotrophin, and others. The anterior part of the pituitary gland releases vasopressin and the oxytocin hormones, which are almost similar in length to amino acids.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 38 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions While setting up your experiment, you accidentally discovered autophophorylation of receptor. What observation/results led you to believe that there was autophosphorylation of the receptor?arrow_forwardVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions What is the advantage of measuring autophosphorylation of the receptor rather than phosphorylation of the substrate?arrow_forwardVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions How would you determine robustness of the assay and validate the assay?arrow_forward
- Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. (image 1) The same proteins have been identified in shark rectal gland, marine birds and reptiles (salt glands in nostrils), marine fishes (chloride cells in their gills) and mammals that transport salt in their kidneys. (image 2) When biologists were testing the mechanism of salt excretion in sharks, they used a chemical called ouabain to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase to see if there was an effect. Which result would you expect to see with ouabain treatment? A. A decrease in Cl- in the epithelial cells. B. An increase in ADP in the epithelial cells. C. An increase in K+ in the epithelial cells. D. A decrease in Na+ in the epithelial cells.arrow_forwardThe contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in Ca?+ levels in the cytosol. For these cells to relax, an antiport removes Ca?+ from the cytosol for every Nat that is taken in. Digitalis is a drug that is used to make the heart contract more strongly. This drug partially inhibits the Na*-K* ATPase in the cardiac cells. Applying the concepts from membrane transport, answer the following: a. Propose an explanation for the drug's effect. b. What will likely happen if too much of the drug is taken in? Why do you say so?arrow_forwardState the action(s) of each of the following signal molecules:a. vasopressinb. PYYc. leptind. ghreline. adiponectinarrow_forward
- Below find the structures for ibogaine and cocaine. Ibogaine and cocaine inhibit the dopamine active transporter (DAT). This transporter is a secondary active transporter, and depends on the primary active transporter Na+/K+ ATPase. Ibogaine had a Kι = 2 μM, and cocaine a Kι = 0.64 μM respectively. (a) Define secondary active transport. (b) Is ibogaine an effective treatment for cocaine based on DAT binding?arrow_forwardThe graphs below show 02-binding curves of several proteins including myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb). If curve 3 (-) represents the 02 binding behavior of normal hemoglobin, which curve represents an 02-binding transporter with the same p50 as normal hemoglobin? 1.0- YO, 0.5 0.0 pO,(torr) O A. 1 B. 2 O C. 4 O D. 5 E. Both "2" and "4"arrow_forwardContractile force generated by cardiac myocytes is regulated by input from the autonomic nervous system. a) Describe the relative importance of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic branches of the ANS. b) Force modulation and regulation of the rate of relaxation is accomplished by phosphorylation of 4 key proteins. Describe the steps leading to phosphorylation of these proteins. Name each of these proteins and describe the effects their phosphorylation has on cardiac function.arrow_forward
- When comparing two or more ligands, a larger numerical value for KD corresponds to a higher binding affinity. True False In radioligand binding assays, a large excess of a noncompetitive antagonist is used to determine the specific binding of the radiolabeled ligand. True False Exocrine glands have ducts that provide a passageway for secretions to move to the surface of the epithelium. True False An inverse agonist binds to a receptor with an affinity that is inversely proportional to its potency. True False Can I get the answer? I don't need explanationarrow_forwardmultiple choicearrow_forwardThe sodium-calcium-exchanger (NCX) protein is an antiport protein that is located in the membranes of cardiac muscle cells in humans as well as other cells. Antiport proteins transport two different solutes in opposite directions. The sodium-calcium-exchanger protein functions by secondary active transport and requires the sodium-potassium pump in order to function. The sodium-potassium pump functions by primary active transport and transports sodium ions from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid. • Describe how the sodium-potassium pump provides energy for the function of the sodium-calcium-exchanger. Considering that the NCX protein is an antiport protein, describe the concentration gradient of calcium on both sides of the cell membrane. Describe the direction that the calcium ions are transported.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning